diff --git a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
index d77e8971..c3b572d8 100644
--- a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 
             <service
             android:name="com.rtbishop.look4sat.app.AprsForegroundService"
-            android:exported="false" />
+            android:exported="false"
+            android:foregroundServiceType="dataSync" />
     </application>
 </manifest>
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/AprsForegroundService.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/AprsForegroundService.kt
index b9a5aeca..087a604d 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/AprsForegroundService.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/AprsForegroundService.kt
@@ -80,11 +80,16 @@ class AprsForegroundService : Service() {
     }
 
     private fun startForegroundWithNotification(cfg: AprsConfig) {
-        val notif = buildNotification(cfg)
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
-            startForeground(NOTIF_ID, notif, ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC)
-        } else {
-            startForeground(NOTIF_ID, notif)
+        try {
+            val notif = buildNotification(cfg)
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
+                startForeground(NOTIF_ID, notif, ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC)
+            } else {
+                startForeground(NOTIF_ID, notif)
+            }
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            // 厂商 ROM / 旧系统兼容兜底:启动前台失败只停服务,不崩进程
+            stopSelf()
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/core/data/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/core/data/aprs/AprsReporter.kt b/core/data/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/core/data/aprs/AprsReporter.kt
index 0a2ef159..bc64d4f5 100644
--- a/core/data/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/core/data/aprs/AprsReporter.kt
+++ b/core/data/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/core/data/aprs/AprsReporter.kt
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class AprsReporter(
                 port = cfg.port,
                 callsign = cfg.callsign,
                 ssid = cfg.ssid,
-                passcode = cfg.passcode.toIntOrNull() ?: AprsPacket.passcode(cfg.callsign),
+                passcode = cfg.passcode.toIntOrNull()?.takeIf { it >= 0 } ?: AprsPacket.passcode(cfg.callsign),
                 version = "Look4Sat 4.5.4"
             ).also { client = it }
             if (!c.isConnected) c.connect()
diff --git a/feature/settings/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/feature/settings/AprsCard.kt b/feature/settings/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/feature/settings/AprsCard.kt
index f9b6b4f1..ed5e91f0 100644
--- a/feature/settings/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/feature/settings/AprsCard.kt
+++ b/feature/settings/src/main/java/com/rtbishop/look4sat/feature/settings/AprsCard.kt
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ fun AprsCard() {
                 val intent = Intent()
                     .setClassName(context.packageName, AprsStore.SERVICE_CLASS)
                     .setAction(if (enabled) AprsStore.ACTION_START else AprsStore.ACTION_STOP)
-                context.startService(intent)
+                if (enabled) context.startForegroundService(intent) else context.startService(intent)
             }
             // 简洁信息行(不挤)
             Text(
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ fun AprsCard() {
                     val intent = Intent()
                         .setClassName(context.packageName, AprsStore.SERVICE_CLASS)
                         .setAction(AprsStore.ACTION_REPORT_NOW)
-                    context.startService(intent)
+                    context.startForegroundService(intent)
                 },
                 text = stringResource(id = R.string.prefs_aprs_report_now),
                 modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth()
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ fun AprsCard() {
                         Intent().setClassName(context.packageName, AprsStore.SERVICE_CLASS)
                             .setAction(AprsStore.ACTION_STOP)
                     )
-                    context.startService(
+                    context.startForegroundService(
                         Intent().setClassName(context.packageName, AprsStore.SERVICE_CLASS)
                             .setAction(AprsStore.ACTION_START)
                     )