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<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>介绍</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>什么是业余无线电</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>走进业余无线电</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>法律法规</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>办事指南</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>概念介绍</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>设备选择</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/pages/1b5341/" class="sidebar-link">设备选择概述</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>按设备类型选择</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>按使用场景选择</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/pages/7e8edc/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">家用/固定场所用</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/7e8edc/#uv段基地台" class="sidebar-link">UV段基地台</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/7e8edc/#短波基地台" class="sidebar-link">短波基地台</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/7e8edc/#注意事项" class="sidebar-link">注意事项</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/pages/51c3a8/" class="sidebar-link">户外运动使用</a></li><li><a href="/pages/c18790/" class="sidebar-link">车用</a></li><li><a href="/pages/a1e1b9/" class="sidebar-link">野架使用</a></li><li><a href="/pages/a9ad42/" class="sidebar-link">骑行用</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>天线</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><a href="/pages/42e178/" class="sidebar-link">设备相关法律法规问题</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>开始通联</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>活动</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>竞赛</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>奖状</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>团体与组织</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>书籍推荐</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>百宝箱</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=HamCQ%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="分类" data-v-06225672>HamCQ手册</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E8%B5%B0%E8%BF%9B%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="分类" data-v-06225672>走进业余无线电</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9" title="分类" data-v-06225672>设备选择</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E6%8C%89%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9" title="分类" data-v-06225672>按使用场景选择</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><!----> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2024-07-18</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><!---->家用/固定场所用<!----></h1> <!----> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><blockquote><p>本文编辑:@BG4IJK</p></blockquote> <p>在家中或其他固定场所使用,可购买一个基地台放在固定位置。这个基地台既可以是 IC-7300 这种大机器,也可以是一个车台。如果预算不足,对讲机也不是不能当基地台用。</p> <h2 id="uv段基地台"><a href="#uv段基地台" class="header-anchor">#</a> UV 段基地台</h2> <h3 id="推荐方案"><a href="#推荐方案" class="header-anchor">#</a> 推荐方案</h3> <p>具体购物清单可参见设备选择 - 按设备类型选择 -<a href="/HamCQ手册/02.走进业余无线电/03.设备选择/03.按使用场景选择/pages/04f629/"> 车载电台</a>与<a href="/pages/4c093c/">短波电台</a>,这里不再重复。</p> <p>下面重点讲天馈系统:</p> <ul><li>天线:全向天线建议购买玻璃钢天线。定向天线当然是八木,八木单元越多增益越高。</li> <li>固定支架:无论购买玻璃钢,还是八木,或者什么天线,务必考虑固定问题,而且强度要够高,受力要均匀,不然稍微来股大风,你那天线就<a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Es4y1T7Mc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> QBG<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 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<ul><li>如果屋内屋外一个窟窿眼都没有,可以找装空调的师傅帮你钻一个</li> <li>如果你知道如何走线和安装,但是安装过程比较危险,建议不要自己冒险,而是多花一些钱,找更擅长高空作业的空调师傅帮你弄好</li></ul></li> <li>旋转器:买八木天线的话,建议考虑遥控旋转,你总不能每次都跑房顶去转天线吧</li> <li>监控摄像头:监控你的天线。八木天线的话,可以方便看到遥控情况</li></ul> <h3 id="不能去房顶架天线的话"><a href="#不能去房顶架天线的话" class="header-anchor">#</a> 不能去房顶架天线的话</h3> <p>如果无法去房顶架天线,例如层数相差太多,或者有物业或其他业主阻挠你上房顶,但是你当前的高度也并不差,可以考虑把天线放屋里。</p> <p>建议先用对讲机测试一下,屋内是否有位置能够打开中继,下面假定屋内有合适位置。</p> <ul><li>一般情况下,可以买一个吸盘 + 车载天线,直接放窗台上</li> <li>如果希望提高增益,也可以考虑买八木天线和支架,再买一根馈线连接天线与电台。通联之前需将八木天线方向调整好。</li></ul> <p>关于地网的问题,建议用吸盘或接线的方式,把天线接到空调外机上,降低驻波比。不过 UV 段的话有时不配地网也没什么事。</p> <h3 id="对讲机也是基地台"><a href="#对讲机也是基地台" class="header-anchor">#</a> 对讲机也是基地台</h3> <p>没钱,买不起车台,但是屋内信号又不好,总是需要跑到阳台才能通联,如何弄基地台呢?</p> <p>没问题,只需要买三样东西,对讲机也能变成基地台:</p> <ul><li>吸盘(含馈线)</li> <li>车载天线</li> <li>转接头:以 UV-K6 为例,K6 天线的接口是 SMA 母口,所以接吸盘时,应当买个 M 母转 SMA 母的转接头</li></ul> <p>吸盘和天线放信号好的地方(阳台),使用时把对讲机天线拆掉,装上转接头,连接车载天线,OK,基地台架好了。</p> <h2 id="短波基地台"><a href="#短波基地台" class="header-anchor">#</a> 短波基地台</h2> <p>短波对天馈要求更高,架台前更要先评估家中的电磁环境,以免装完以后,楼下电动车一充电,你那边就马上 59+20。</p> <h3 id="楼顶架台"><a href="#楼顶架台" class="header-anchor">#</a> 楼顶架台</h3> <p>参照前文 UV 段架台,但是需要补充的是,UV 段可以不在乎地网,但是短波 GP 天线需要考虑匹配地网。</p> <p>由于 GP 天线或 V 型天线都太高、太长,不建议楼顶架设。建议拉端馈天线。</p> <h3 id="鱼竿天线"><a href="#鱼竿天线" class="header-anchor">#</a> 鱼竿天线</h3> <p>如果无法在楼顶架天线,可考虑架设 “鱼竿天线”,也就是把 GP 天线伸出窗外,就像钓鱼竿一样。这样的话需要购买卡边和馈线。</p> <p>鱼竿天线有可能仍然无法有效改善通联效果,但是一般情况下玩 FT8 或 CW 够用了。</p> <p>鱼竿天线架设经验可参见:</p> <ul><li><a href="https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/2294" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">个人关于阳台鱼竿拉杆天线的一些使用心得<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>(BG6HFD)</li> <li><a href="https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/3977" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">抛砖引玉 —— 关于屏蔽布地网的一些使用场景<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>(BH4GTG)</li></ul> <h2 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="header-anchor">#</a> 注意事项</h2> <h3 id="防水"><a href="#防水" class="header-anchor">#</a> 防水</h3> <p>户外架设天线要注意防水,防止雨水顺着馈线流进或者渗透进机器里。</p> <h3 id="防雷"><a href="#防雷" class="header-anchor">#</a> 防雷</h3> <ul><li>天线、地网不要接到避雷针的电路上,不然一个雷下来全劈了。</li> <li>下雨天建议及时拔掉馈线接头,不怕一万,就怕万一,假如天上一个雷劈到了你的天线,因为你的馈线头拆下来了,你那成千上万块钱的机器不会跟着报废。</li></ul> <h3 id="固定"><a href="#固定" class="header-anchor">#</a> 固定</h3> <p>天线、馈线 / 馈管要注意固定问题,防止被大风吹倒、吹掉。</p> <h3 id="馈线损耗"><a href="#馈线损耗" class="header-anchor">#</a> 馈线损耗</h3> <p>馈线长度较长时,要考虑损耗问题。可到网上查找相关的计算工具来评估信号损耗情况,尽量使用更粗的馈线 / 馈管,尽量降低总长度,发射时适当加大功率,对冲功率损耗。</p></div></div> <!----> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----> <!----></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><!----> <!----></div></div> <!----></main></div> <div class="footer"><div class="icons"><a href="mailto:contact@hamcq.cn" title="联系我们" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-youjian"></a><a href="https://github.com/HamCQ/Handbook" title="Github" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-github"></a><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/column/c_1327659699995885568" title="知乎" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-zhihu"></a><a href="https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/826" title="微信公众号" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-weixin"></a></div>
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