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<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>介绍</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>什么是业余无线电</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>走进业余无线电</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>法律法规</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>办事指南</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>概念介绍</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>设备选择</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>开始通联</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>基本知识</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>UV段的各种玩法</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>短波段的各种玩法</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>其他类型无线电</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-3"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>MMDVM</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/pages/52354c/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">MMDVM(热点盒子)入门</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/52354c/#前提条件" class="sidebar-link">前提条件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/52354c/#学习路径" class="sidebar-link">学习路径</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/52354c/#直观认识" class="sidebar-link">直观认识</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/52354c/#太复杂了-能简单一些吗" class="sidebar-link">太复杂了!能简单一些吗?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/pages/efa8c9/" class="sidebar-link">购买设备</a></li><li><a href="/pages/fae76f/" class="sidebar-link">设备准备</a></li><li><a href="/pages/511152/" class="sidebar-link">开始通联</a></li><li><a href="/pages/61d22a/" class="sidebar-link">其他资料</a></li></ul></section></li><li><a href="/pages/0de773/" class="sidebar-link">SDR</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-2"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>辅助工具</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>活动</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>竞赛</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>奖状</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>团体与组织</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable is-sub-group depth-1"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>书籍推荐</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>百宝箱</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=HamCQ%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="分类" data-v-06225672>HamCQ手册</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E8%B5%B0%E8%BF%9B%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="分类" data-v-06225672>走进业余无线电</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E9%80%9A%E8%81%94" title="分类" data-v-06225672>开始通联</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="分类" data-v-06225672>其他类型无线电</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/categories/?category=MMDVM" title="分类" data-v-06225672>MMDVM</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><!----> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2024-07-20</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><!---->MMDVM(热点盒子)入门<!----></h1> <!----> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><blockquote><p>本文编辑:@BG4IJK</p></blockquote> <p>MMDVM,全称 Multi-Mode Digital Voice Modem,即多模式数字语音调制调解器。由于 MMDVM 玩家多使用树莓派等小型设备,动手能力强的还会把它组装成一个小盒子,因此又俗称玩 “盒子”。</p> <p>使用模拟手台时,机器几乎没有智能的系统,顶多有个亚音和一些信令,所以你发射什么,台友接收的就是什么。而 MMDVM 使用数字模式通信,本身具有一定的复杂度,通联涉及一系列环节,需要在 DMR ID、Brandmeister、树莓派、热点板、数字台、Pi-Star 等各种设备和系统中调整参数,新手很容易晕头转向,因此本文尽可能以通俗易懂的方式帮大家入门。</p> <h2 id="前提条件"><a href="#前提条件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 前提条件</h2> <p>因为 MMDVM 对新手来说有点复杂,建议具备下面所有条件以后再尝试 MMDVM 通联:</p> <ol><li>有一台电脑,有一个稳定的网络环境,有一定的电脑操作基础。在注册部分账号时,需要科学上网环境。</li> <li>能够熟练使用手里的电台,轻松用写频软件给自己的手台写频。如果你操作模拟台都感到困难,操作数字机会感到更加困难。</li> <li>预算 1000 起步。如果完全没入过门,建议多花点钱买质量可靠的新货,不要图便宜买情况不明的二手货,以免遇到各种玄学问题。</li></ol> <h2 id="学习路径"><a href="#学习路径" class="header-anchor">#</a> 学习路径</h2> <p>MMDVM 通联需要一系列复杂的初始化操作。整体的学习架构如下图所示:</p> <p><img src="/img/0204/04_01_1.png" alt="MMDVM学习架构"></p> <p>本手册将按照这个架构来帮助大家完成准备工作。不过幸运的是,只有第一次的准备工作如此复杂,调好以后,就不需要这些操作了,再次上台都是很容易的。</p> <p>大家要注意的是,学习操作,重要的是学习操作的目的和思路,具体的操作方法是可以灵活变通的。建议操作时争取先把设备调通,实现基本的通联,对各种东西有了认识,掌握了原理和机制,后续再慢慢优化。</p> <h2 id="直观认识"><a href="#直观认识" class="header-anchor">#</a> 直观认识</h2> <p>我们通过一张照片来直观地认识一下 MMDVM 是什么样子的:</p> <p><img src="/img/0204/04_01_1_mmdvm.jpg" alt="MMDVM"></p> <h3 id="通信原理"><a href="#通信原理" class="header-anchor">#</a> 通信原理</h3> <p>你的手台是无线电,热点板相当于一个无线电基站,通过与树莓派连接,实现了无线电信号和网络信号的转换。树莓派与互联网连接,进而实现了与其他台友通联。</p> <p>当你按下 PTT 进行 CQ 时,将大致发生以下过程:</p> <ol><li>你的无线电信号以数字模式发射</li> <li>你的热点板接收到了无线电的信号</li> <li>热点板和树莓派中有一个系统,能够将无线电信号进行解码,变成网络数据,通过互联网发送到专门的网络服务器中</li> <li>网络服务器收到这个网络数据之后,向所有守听的台友发送数据,分发至各台友的树莓派中</li> <li>各台友的树莓派和热点板对网络信号进行编码,以无线电信号形式发射</li> <li>各台友的数字电台收到无线电信号,播送你的 CQ</li></ol> <p>以上是尽量通俗的说法,实际情况会更加复杂。</p> <h3 id="基本概念"><a href="#基本概念" class="header-anchor">#</a> 基本概念</h3> <p>目前你只需要知道:DMR、P25、D-Star、YSF,这些都是不同的数字模式,由不同的电台厂商使用。这些模式互不兼容,因此电台和热点板上的系统的模式要保持一致。</p> <ul><li>DMR:一般是摩托罗拉、海能达、特易通,另外,宝锋、洪凯德、艾迪欧等品牌的数字电台也使用此模式</li> <li>P25:一般是摩托罗拉、建伍</li> <li>YSF:一般是八重洲</li> <li>D-Star:一般是 ICOM、建伍</li></ul> <p>不同模式的具体概念将在配置设备时候进行详细介绍。</p> <h3 id="扩展"><a href="#扩展" class="header-anchor">#</a> 扩展</h3> <p>上图是一个比较简陋的组合,但足以讲清 MMDVM 的通联的原理。</p> <p>只要你动手能力强,你可以按自己的意愿做更多事情,例如:</p> <ul><li>硬件优化
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<ul><li>增加 4G 模块,在户外通过 4G 网络联网</li> <li>挂一块屏幕,展示实时通联信息</li> <li>把 “盒子” 做成真正的盒子,配上电池和充电模块,实现随身携带、随时充电,等等。</li></ul></li> <li>其他玩法
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<ul><li><a href="https://bh8sel.com/233.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">APRS<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://bh8sel.com/1452.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">复活 BB 机<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="如果当地有数字中继"><a href="#如果当地有数字中继" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如果当地有数字中继……</h3> <p>如果你所在地有数字中继,而且数字中继已经联网,那么数字中继就相当于上图的树莓派和热点板,在后续配置中,跟树莓派与热点板有关系的准备步骤就可以省略了。</p> <p>如果数字中继不联网,那么你打到中继也无法与 MMDVM 上的其他台友通联,还需要自己买树莓派和热点板。</p> <h2 id="太复杂了-能简单一些吗"><a href="#太复杂了-能简单一些吗" class="header-anchor">#</a> 太复杂了!能简单一些吗?</h2> <h3 id="在线收听"><a href="#在线收听" class="header-anchor">#</a> 在线收听</h3> <p>如果你对盒子通联感兴趣,但还没开始做准备,可以先在电脑上听一听台友的通联。具体操作方法:</p> <ol><li>进入<a href="https://hose.brandmeister.network/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> https://hose.brandmeister.network/<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 网站</li> <li>点击右上角 “Player”</li> <li>在两个小人的图标右边输入 46001,或者其他感兴趣的频道。</li></ol> <p>台网活动:</p> <ul><li>46001(中国大陆):每周六 20:00~21:00。台网日志可关注微信公众号 <code>CN mmdvm TG46001</code> 查看。</li> <li>46600(台湾):每周六 20:30~21:30</li> <li>91(世界):UTC 时间每周六 16:00,北京时间每周天 0 点开始,周日 00:06 左右主控会呼叫中国大陆、台湾、香港、新加坡电台报道。活动官网:<a href="https://www.worldwidecheckin.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">www.worldwidecheckin.net<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul> <h3 id="手机通联"><a href="#手机通联" class="header-anchor">#</a> 手机通联</h3> <p>参见<a href="https://dd.94jpop.info:8886/%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5/%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3/DroidStar%E7%AE%80%E6%98%93%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%28BG7QWH%29.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">申请 DMR ID 到使用手机接入台网<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>(作者 BG7QWH)</p> <p>只需要准备一个安卓手机,然后注册一个 DMR ID 和一个 BM 账号即可。不需要购买树莓派或热点板,也无法使用数字电台通联。</p> <h3 id="联网数字中继"><a href="#联网数字中继" class="header-anchor">#</a> 联网数字中继</h3> <p>如果当地有联网数字中继,可直接上中继。建议与当地台友确认中继的具体参数,然后再上台。</p> <h3 id="南山对讲"><a href="#南山对讲" class="header-anchor">#</a> 南山对讲</h3> <p>46001 组在南山对讲上有链路连接,需要注册一个 DMR ID 和一个 BM 账号之后,凭 BM 里的 key 进行呼叫。</p></div></div> <!----> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----> <!----></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><!----> <!----></div></div> <!----></main></div> <div class="footer"><div class="icons"><a href="mailto:contact@hamcq.cn" title="联系我们" target="_blank" class="iconfont icon-youjian"></a><a 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