diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/404.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/404.html index da3ba2f..63f6692 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/404.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/404.html @@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ })(); - + -
404
这是一个Four-Oh-Four.
返回首页
- +
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我是谁？我在哪？
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+ diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/archives/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/archives/index.html index 04e30a5..f3dd31d 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/archives/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/archives/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ QSL卡片
  • 07-20 MMDVM -
  • 07-20 - 如何学习摩尔斯码
  • 07-20 qrz +
  • 07-20 + 如何学习摩尔斯码
  • 07-20 更多玩法
  • 07-19 @@ -138,12 +138,12 @@ 如何参与编辑
  • 10-20 前言 -
  • 10-20 - 被当成是“间谍” -
  • 10-20 - 恢复开放30周年
  • 10-20 回忆清华大学学生业余无线电台 +
  • 10-20 + 恢复开放30周年 +
  • 10-20 + 被当成是“间谍”
  • 10-20 一些视频
  • 10-20 @@ -158,10 +158,10 @@ 卫星通联入门
  • 10-20 FT8 -
  • 10-20 - QRP操作
  • 10-20 VarAC +
  • 10-20 + QRP操作
  • 10-20 五五节
  • 10-20 @@ -191,6 +191,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
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"),_("p",[t._v("没过一会，我身边就围满了晨练的大爷大妈大哥大姐，纷纷拿出手机拍这个“原始又新奇”的玩意儿。接着，巡逻民警一溜小跑到我跟前，查问我的操作执照，检查无误后他嘱咐我“注意安全”便离开了。")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("这是我第五回被误认为“间谍”了。")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("我是一名业余无线电爱好者，不正式的叫法是“HAM”（直译为“火腿”）。之所以没有被当做“间谍”带走，是因为我们发射无线电波是完全合法的——需要考取电台操作证书并申请执照。"),_("strong",[t._v("在中国，像我这样持证的 HAM 有 17 万，大约占全国人口 0.01%，世界范围内则有近 300 万人")]),t._v("。")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("业余无线电，一点也不“业余”。")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("更多内容，请前往链接查看：")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[_("a",{attrs:{href:"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/C0RA5xUVByLlEJcklNRo5w",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("在公园玩业余无线电，我被当成是“间谍”"),_("OutboundLink")],1)])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=n.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/45.1bb66bc0.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/45.e63e1d6c.js similarity index 82% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/45.1bb66bc0.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/45.e63e1d6c.js index e3c4424..8cc817c 100644 --- 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"),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"等幅电报-cw"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#等幅电报-cw"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 等幅电报 CW")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("等幅电报是最古老的无线电通讯方式之一，其原理是发射一个时断时续的纯正弦波信号。通过信号存在与否来进行解析得到信息。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("理论上纯正弦波不存在带宽，但实际上在信号出现或消失时会产生频率分量，约使用50Hz带宽。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"摩尔斯电码"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#摩尔斯电码"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 摩尔斯电码")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("摩尔斯电码是通过信号出现和消失的时间长度来对应特定的字符。其中，最短时间的是字符点（·）、三倍于点时长的是划（-）、与点相同的无信号时间则为空（ ）。三种字符根据不同的排列组合代表不同的字母。字母与字母之间使用三个空的时间来分隔、单词与单词之间则用七个空的时间来分隔。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("摩尔斯电码的字符组合可以与各种语言的字母、发音或者文字相对应。在业余无线电中，通常使用摩尔斯电码来传递英文字母。")]),a._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"模拟调制"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#模拟调制"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 模拟调制")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("调制的作用是将想要传输的信号附加到发送信号中。与之相对的，解调则是从信号中提取出原始信息。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("通过调制可以将信号转移到频谱中的其他位置，这使得信息更容易发送。通过将信号调制到不同频率上，可以让传输介质同时传输许多组信号。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("调制被广泛应用于电信的各个领域中，例如有线电话、宽带网络中。这里主要介绍与业余无线电相关的调制模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_Amfm3-en-de.gif",alt:"AM和FM调制"}})]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"幅度调制-am"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#幅度调制-am"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 幅度调制 AM")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_Amplitude_modulation.png",alt:"幅度调制示意图"}})]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("幅度调制是最早使用的语音调制方法，也是最简单的语音调制方法。在调制过程中，载波的的幅度随着原始信号的幅度变化而变化。如果将调制后信号的的每一个波峰（或波谷）连接起来，这条连接线会呈现出和原始信号相同的形状。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("由于幅度调制中，每个波峰和波谷之间的时间不变，因此幅度想要产生变化就需要让波形的斜率发生改变。而斜率的不断变化会导致新的频率产生，这些新的频率被称为边带。其中高于载波频率的部分被称作上边带，低于载波频率的部分被称之为下边带。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在幅度调制的一大特点是原始信号在经过幅度调制之后，原始信号的频谱仅仅只是进行了移动并产生了一个镜像，而原频谱的内容并没有变化。利用这一点，幅度调制及其衍生的单边带等模式可以用于传输任意类型的原始信号而不会破坏其特性。也就是说，无论原始信号是音频，或是经过频率调制、相位调制或更高级的正交调制的其他信号，仍可以利用电台幅度调制或其衍生的单边带等模式传输。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_AM.png",alt:"原频谱和幅度调制后的频谱示意图"}})]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在幅度调制中，载波不携带信息，所有信息都由边带进行传输，并且两个边带互为镜像，传输同样的信息。因此幅度调制会占用两倍于原始信号的频率范围，也会将大量的能量浪费在载波和其中一个边带上。由于这些缺陷，幅度调制在很长一段时间中都被其他模式所取代，直到SDR设备的兴起。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("虽然幅度调制存在能量浪费的问题，但载波可以在传输复杂音频（例如音乐）时作为相位参考；且两个边带传输同样的信息，因此可以降低信噪比。在没有功率限制的广播电台中，AM反而优于下文中提到的的单边带模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("由于幅度调制设备最简单，因此许多老旧设备以及自制设备都使用幅度调制。幅度调制常见于业余无线电起步更早的海外，并且由于这些老旧自制设备大多使用固定频率的晶振，无法轻易调整频率，因此大多数AM电台会从特定的频率范围中选择一个来长期使用。而其他模式的使用者在遇到这类AM电台时，通常都会主动避让，选择其他频率。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"单边带幅度调制-ssb"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#单边带幅度调制-ssb"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 单边带幅度调制 SSB")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("单边带幅度调制是业余无线电中最常用的语音传输模式之一。由于幅度调制中只有边带携带原始信号，并且两个边带互为镜像。所以只需要传递一个边带的信号即可。因此，将幅度调制的载波和其中一个边带去除即可得到单边带幅度调制。根据去除和保留的边带不同，又可以分为上边带（USB）模式和下边带（LSB）模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在业余无线电中，高于9MHz的频率通常使用上边带，低于9MHz的频率通常使用下边带。这个规则是由于早期业余单边带设备通常是由搭载9MHz晶振的军用电台改造而来，而受限于当时的滤波器技术和火腿们的资金，在高于9MHz中保留上边带，低于9MHz中保留下边带是更简单和便宜的做法。在这些设备中，原始信号仍然为AM，只不过在后续处理时只有一个边带被保留和放大。而在接收时，接收机会在内部补全缺失的载波和边带之后再进行解调。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"频率调制-fm"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#频率调制-fm"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 频率调制 FM")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("频率调制中，载波的幅度不变，而是频率随着原始信号的幅度变化而变化。这种方式相较于幅度调制而言在传输过程中具有更好的抗干扰能力。由于这一优良特性，即使在无线电以外的领域，幅度调制也被广泛运用。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_FM.png",alt:"声音的幅度变化影响了FM调制的频率变化"}})]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在上图当中，频谱瀑布图的上下变化意味着频率变化，而音频波形图的上下变化意味着声音幅度的变化。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("频率调制会占据更大的频率范围，因此在频率资源较为稀缺的业余短波频段中，只有位于最高的29.51MHz-29.7MHz频段范围中才能使用，而且被限制频偏不得大于20kHz而不是25kHz。此外，频率调制会产生捕获现象，即调谐器只能清晰的接受两个信号中最强的一个。而且相对于幅度调制和单边带幅度调制，频率调制使用的电路更为复杂。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("业余无线电所使用的频率调制使用更小的频率变化，因此被叫做NFM，而FM广播使用更大的频率变化来容纳更丰富的信息，也被叫做WFM。")]),a._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"数字模式"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数字模式"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 数字模式")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("大多数业余无线电中所使用的数字模式通常是将数字信号与上述几种模式结合而来，即生成原始数字信号，传输到电台之后由上述方式调制之后进行传输。由于数字语音传输需要依赖于能够快速处理和压缩语音信号的编解码器，因此大多数数字模式都无法传输语音。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("这些数字模式大多数都是从外部设备（电脑/终端节点控制器等）产生信号之后，传输到电台后由电台进行调制和发送。因此它们并没有固定的传输模式，而是取决于电台发射时选择的工作模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"弱信号模式"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#弱信号模式"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 弱信号模式")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("弱信号模式可以通过计算机来辅助解析，即使是人类难以辨认的信号也能识别。常用于短波、月面反射、流星散射等传播困难的情况。常见的弱信号模式有FT8、FT4、WSPR等，这些模式通常与单边带模式配合使用。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"慢扫描电视-sstv"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#慢扫描电视-sstv"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 慢扫描电视 SSTV")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("慢扫描电视通常用于传输图像。并且它们并不一定是数字信号，一些慢扫描电视信号可以驱动长余辉的显像管来呈现图像。慢扫描电视可以通过单边带、幅度调制、频率调制等各种方式传输。由于慢扫描电视传输一次所需时间较长，通常在传输之前会发布预告来告知他人进行接收。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"分组无线电-packet"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#分组无线电-packet"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 分组无线电 Packet")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("分组无线电是使用分组交换方式来传输数据的模式，在数据链路层中使用由X.25改造为适用于业余无线电用途的AX.25协议。由于AX.25协议并未规定物理层，因此可以与其他任何传输模式配合使用。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"自动数据包报告系统-aprs"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#自动数据包报告系统-aprs"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 自动数据包报告系统 APRS")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在互联网兴盛的今天，几乎没什么人使用分组无线电来传输普通数据。APRS则成为了分组无线电仅剩的主要用途。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("APRS是一种基于地图的社交软件，可以用于传输GPS坐标、短信、中继台频率、气象站信息等。得益于分组无线电的设计，APRS可以使用覆盖范围极为广泛的中继系统，以及与互联网相结合。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("APRS使用AX.25中继，通常被称作digirepeater，它可以接收APRS数据包，解析之后重新发出。而下一个digirepeater在接受到上一个数据包时也会重复该过程。这样可以由多个中继接力传输。如果数据包的路径（通常所谓的TTL）设置的很大，则有机会进行超长距离的传输，不过这会占用大量的中继资源，并不提倡。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("除了通过无线电传输的网络以外，APRS还可以通过iGate网关接入互联网。iGate网关可以将接受的数据包通过互联网发送至APRS-IS服务器，并将APRS-IS服务器传来的数据重新发送到无线电网络中。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("此外还有一些网站从APRS-IS服务器中获取APRS数据并展示在地图上。例如aprs.fi或aprs.cn。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"vara"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#vara"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" VARA")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("VARA是由EA5HVK所开发的闭源调制解调软件，有着用于SSB模式的VARA HF和用于FM模式的VARA FM两种不同类型。由于有着很高的传输速度以及对干扰和多径传播的抵抗力，因此受到了许多应急组织和商业用户等业余之外的用户的青睐。但由于闭源的代码、高昂的售价、仅用于Windows平台等缺陷而受到新近业余无线电爱好者的批评。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"数字语音"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数字语音"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 数字语音")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("由于数字语音依赖于音频编解码器（虽然与模拟时代的声码器原理不同，但现在也将这些编解码器称为声码器），因此数字语音模式直到近些年才进入业余无线电中。数字语音模式大多数都与FM模式绑定，因此难以用于短波频率。但是数字信号通常可以通过互联网中的服务器传输。相对于不稳定的短波传播，数字语音可以直接利用互联网来进行稳定的联络。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"业余无线电数字智能技术-d-star"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#业余无线电数字智能技术-d-star"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 业余无线电数字智能技术 D-STAR")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("D-STAR是日本业余无线电联盟JARL主导开发的业余无线电用数字模式，使用高斯最小频移键控调制(GMSK)。由于最早开发，因此使用了比较古老的AMBE+声码器。其功能上更贴近业余无线电的用途。除了基本的语音通信以外，还可以通过外接电脑或智能手机来实现文字聊天和图像传输。此外D-STAR还可以在1.2GHz频段提供纯数据通信模式并可以为电脑提供网络连接。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("D-STAR的设备主要由Icom生产，但Icom并未拥有D-STAR。此外，D-STAR的其他基础设施大都是由业余爱好者所开发。例如网关（用于将中继台连接至互联网）、反射器（将收到的数据转发给其他客户端，可以理解为网关之间的中继台）、注册系统、中继控制软件等。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("许多较新的D-STAR设备都提供直接或间接连接互联网的功能。而对于较旧的设备则只能通过热点或中继来接入互联网。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"系统融合-system-fusion"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#系统融合-system-fusion"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 系统融合 System Fusion")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("“系统融合”是八重洲基于专业无线电数字语音模式P25改进而来的业余无线电数字语音模式，和P25 Phase1全速模式一样使用连续包络四级频移键控调制(C4FM)。继承了P25超高音质的优点，也提供了诸多方便业余爱好者使用的功能，例如可以直接在设备上搜索和切换聊天室、可以发送图片、新闻、公告、电子QSL卡、文字聊天等功能。但这些功能都由八重洲专有软件实现。业余爱好者虽然也按照D-Star的模式自行开发了诸如FCS和YSF等反射器软件，但其他功能还需要依赖于逆向工程。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("相对于其他模式而言，系统融合还有针对远距离传输所特制的模式，牺牲了部分数据传输的内容来换取更多的校验信息。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("绝大部分系统融合设备都可以通过串口连接计算机来连接到八重洲官方所架设的Wires-X网络，但该网络国内用户很少使用。由于目前该连接方式尚未被业余用户常用的YSF反射器网络所破解和使用。因此对于目前的国内用户来说，只能通过热点或中继来接入YSF反射器网络。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"专业数字语音模式"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#专业数字语音模式"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 专业数字语音模式")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("专业数字语音模式常见的有摩托罗拉和欧盟主导的DMR模式、建伍与Icom联合开发的NXDN、北美政府机构使用的P25和欧洲政府机构使用的Tetra。除Tetra使用π/4-差分正交相移键控调制(π/4-DQPSK)外，其他模式大都使用四级频移键控(4FSK)，P25 Phase1使用的C4FM也是一种特殊的4FSK调制。其中DMR是最为常见的模式。相比于其他模式，DMR由于可以将12.5kHz的带宽进一步分割为两个6.25kHz的信道，并且是开放授权模式而大受欢迎。因此采用DMR的产品数量众多且价格低廉。是许多想要尝试数字语音模式的爱好者最先考虑的类型。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("专业数字语音模式在开发时并未考虑业余爱好者使用，在设计上是需要由管理员来设置设备并管理用户使用的。因此在使用中需要由管理员分配ID，以及需要使用中心化的服务器而不是直接通过互联网在不同站点间传输数据。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("摩托罗拉业余无线电俱乐部MARC创立了管理ID分发的RadioID组织和DMR-MARC网络。大多数国内的数字语音爱好者都聚集在由欧洲摩托罗拉经销商赞助的并由摩托罗拉内部专有代码编写的BrandMeister服务器中。此外，还有以开源软件为主的FreeDMR网络，以及适配多种不同数字语音模式的XLX反射器。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("绝大部分专业数字语音设备都必须使用热点才能连接到互联网，只有少部分价格高昂的旗舰级设备才具有直接连接至互联网的功能。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"freedv和m17"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#freedv和m17"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" FreeDV和M17")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("上文提到的几种数字语音模式都使用了DVSI所开发的AMBE系列声码器，其中D-STAR使用的AMBE+声码器的专利已过期，但其他几种使用的AMBE+2声码器还没过期（直到2028年）。许多业余爱好者认为这不但违背了业余无线电开放的精神，更违背了业余无线电应该公开所使用通信技术这一条法律。因此一些爱好者开发了开源的Codec2声码器。并在此基础上开发了FreeDV和M17两种业余数字语音模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("其中FreeDV是用于短波和长距离通信的模式，而M17更类似于上述的用于VHF/UHF频段数字语音模式。目前这两种模式仍处于开发阶段。除了语音以外，FreeDV还有利用Codec2的数据模式来进行数据传输的衍生模式FreeData。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("目前而言，并没有直接使用这两种模式的设备，不过由于短波电台通常具有SSB模式，而且大部分车载电台都具有用于数据通信的9600接口，因此可以通过外置调制解调器的方式来使用这两种模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"wi-fi和lte"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#wi-fi和lte"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" Wi-Fi和LTE")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("你没看错，实际上，Wi-Fi和LTE的频段和业余频段是有重合的，也因此诞生了一些使用这两者的业余无线电用法。不过由于距离限制、技术限制、政策限制等因素，因此很少有爱好者去使用。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[57],{380:function(a,t,v){"use strict";v.r(t);var _=v(4),s=Object(_.a)({},(function(){var a=this,t=a._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":a.$parent.slotKey}},[t("blockquote",[t("p",[a._v("本文编辑：@BloodBlade")])]),a._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"等幅电报-cw"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#等幅电报-cw"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 等幅电报 CW")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("等幅电报是最古老的无线电通讯方式之一，其原理是发射一个时断时续的纯正弦波信号。通过信号存在与否来进行解析得到信息。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("理论上纯正弦波不存在带宽，但实际上在信号出现或消失时会产生频率分量，约使用50Hz带宽。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"摩尔斯电码"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#摩尔斯电码"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 摩尔斯电码")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("摩尔斯电码是通过信号出现和消失的时间长度来对应特定的字符。其中，最短时间的是字符点（·）、三倍于点时长的是划（-）、与点相同的无信号时间则为空（ ）。三种字符根据不同的排列组合代表不同的字母。字母与字母之间使用三个空的时间来分隔、单词与单词之间则用七个空的时间来分隔。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("摩尔斯电码的字符组合可以与各种语言的字母、发音或者文字相对应。在业余无线电中，通常使用摩尔斯电码来传递英文字母。")]),a._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"模拟调制"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#模拟调制"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 模拟调制")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("调制的作用是将想要传输的信号附加到发送信号中。与之相对的，解调则是从信号中提取出原始信息。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("通过调制可以将信号转移到频谱中的其他位置，这使得信息更容易发送。通过将信号调制到不同频率上，可以让传输介质同时传输许多组信号。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("调制被广泛应用于电信的各个领域中，例如有线电话、宽带网络中。这里主要介绍与业余无线电相关的调制模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_Amfm3-en-de.gif",alt:"AM和FM调制"}})]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"幅度调制-am"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#幅度调制-am"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 幅度调制 AM")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_Amplitude_modulation.png",alt:"幅度调制示意图"}})]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("幅度调制是最早使用的语音调制方法，也是最简单的语音调制方法。在调制过程中，载波的的幅度随着原始信号的幅度变化而变化。如果将调制后信号的的每一个波峰（或波谷）连接起来，这条连接线会呈现出和原始信号相同的形状。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("由于幅度调制中，每个波峰和波谷之间的时间不变，因此幅度想要产生变化就需要让波形的斜率发生改变。而斜率的不断变化会导致新的频率产生，这些新的频率被称为边带。其中高于载波频率的部分被称作上边带，低于载波频率的部分被称之为下边带。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在幅度调制的一大特点是原始信号在经过幅度调制之后，原始信号的频谱仅仅只是进行了移动并产生了一个镜像，而原频谱的内容并没有变化。利用这一点，幅度调制及其衍生的单边带等模式可以用于传输任意类型的原始信号而不会破坏其特性。也就是说，无论原始信号是音频，或是经过频率调制、相位调制或更高级的正交调制的其他信号，仍可以利用电台幅度调制或其衍生的单边带等模式传输。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_AM.png",alt:"原频谱和幅度调制后的频谱示意图"}})]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在幅度调制中，载波不携带信息，所有信息都由边带进行传输，并且两个边带互为镜像，传输同样的信息。因此幅度调制会占用两倍于原始信号的频率范围，也会将大量的能量浪费在载波和其中一个边带上。由于这些缺陷，幅度调制在很长一段时间中都被其他模式所取代，直到SDR设备的兴起。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("虽然幅度调制存在能量浪费的问题，但载波可以在传输复杂音频（例如音乐）时作为相位参考；且两个边带传输同样的信息，因此可以降低信噪比。在没有功率限制的广播电台中，AM反而优于下文中提到的的单边带模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("由于幅度调制设备最简单，因此许多老旧设备以及自制设备都使用幅度调制。幅度调制常见于业余无线电起步更早的海外，并且由于这些老旧自制设备大多使用固定频率的晶振，无法轻易调整频率，因此大多数AM电台会从特定的频率范围中选择一个来长期使用。而其他模式的使用者在遇到这类AM电台时，通常都会主动避让，选择其他频率。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"单边带幅度调制-ssb"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#单边带幅度调制-ssb"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 单边带幅度调制 SSB")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("单边带幅度调制是业余无线电中最常用的语音传输模式之一。由于幅度调制中只有边带携带原始信号，并且两个边带互为镜像。所以只需要传递一个边带的信号即可。因此，将幅度调制的载波和其中一个边带去除即可得到单边带幅度调制。根据去除和保留的边带不同，又可以分为上边带（USB）模式和下边带（LSB）模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在业余无线电中，高于9MHz的频率通常使用上边带，低于9MHz的频率通常使用下边带。这个规则是由于早期业余单边带设备通常是由搭载9MHz晶振的军用电台改造而来，而受限于当时的滤波器技术和火腿们的资金，在高于9MHz中保留上边带，低于9MHz中保留下边带是更简单和便宜的做法。在这些设备中，原始信号仍然为AM，只不过在后续处理时只有一个边带被保留和放大。而在接收时，接收机会在内部补全缺失的载波和边带之后再进行解调。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"频率调制-fm"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#频率调制-fm"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 频率调制 FM")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("频率调制中，载波的幅度不变，而是频率随着原始信号的幅度变化而变化。这种方式相较于幅度调制而言在传输过程中具有更好的抗干扰能力。由于这一优良特性，即使在无线电以外的领域，幅度调制也被广泛运用。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/01_FM.png",alt:"声音的幅度变化影响了FM调制的频率变化"}})]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在上图当中，频谱瀑布图的上下变化意味着频率变化，而音频波形图的上下变化意味着声音幅度的变化。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("频率调制会占据更大的频率范围，因此在频率资源较为稀缺的业余短波频段中，只有位于最高的29.51MHz-29.7MHz频段范围中才能使用，而且被限制频偏不得大于20kHz而不是25kHz。此外，频率调制会产生捕获现象，即调谐器只能清晰的接受两个信号中最强的一个。而且相对于幅度调制和单边带幅度调制，频率调制使用的电路更为复杂。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("业余无线电所使用的频率调制使用更小的频率变化，因此被叫做NFM，而FM广播使用更大的频率变化来容纳更丰富的信息，也被叫做WFM。")]),a._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"数字模式"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数字模式"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 数字模式")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("大多数业余无线电中所使用的数字模式通常是将数字信号与上述几种模式结合而来，即生成原始数字信号，传输到电台之后由上述方式调制之后进行传输。由于数字语音传输需要依赖于能够快速处理和压缩语音信号的编解码器，因此大多数数字模式都无法传输语音。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("这些数字模式大多数都是从外部设备（电脑/终端节点控制器等）产生信号之后，传输到电台后由电台进行调制和发送。因此它们并没有固定的传输模式，而是取决于电台发射时选择的工作模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"弱信号模式"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#弱信号模式"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 弱信号模式")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("弱信号模式可以通过计算机来辅助解析，即使是人类难以辨认的信号也能识别。常用于短波、月面反射、流星散射等传播困难的情况。常见的弱信号模式有FT8、FT4、WSPR等，这些模式通常与单边带模式配合使用。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"慢扫描电视-sstv"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#慢扫描电视-sstv"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 慢扫描电视 SSTV")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("慢扫描电视通常用于传输图像。并且它们并不一定是数字信号，一些慢扫描电视信号可以驱动长余辉的显像管来呈现图像。慢扫描电视可以通过单边带、幅度调制、频率调制等各种方式传输。由于慢扫描电视传输一次所需时间较长，通常在传输之前会发布预告来告知他人进行接收。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"分组无线电-packet"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#分组无线电-packet"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 分组无线电 Packet")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("分组无线电是使用分组交换方式来传输数据的模式，在数据链路层中使用由X.25改造为适用于业余无线电用途的AX.25协议。由于AX.25协议并未规定物理层，因此可以与其他任何传输模式配合使用。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"自动数据包报告系统-aprs"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#自动数据包报告系统-aprs"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 自动数据包报告系统 APRS")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("在互联网兴盛的今天，几乎没什么人使用分组无线电来传输普通数据。APRS则成为了分组无线电仅剩的主要用途。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("APRS是一种基于地图的社交软件，可以用于传输GPS坐标、短信、中继台频率、气象站信息等。得益于分组无线电的设计，APRS可以使用覆盖范围极为广泛的中继系统，以及与互联网相结合。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("APRS使用AX.25中继，通常被称作digirepeater，它可以接收APRS数据包，解析之后重新发出。而下一个digirepeater在接受到上一个数据包时也会重复该过程。这样可以由多个中继接力传输。如果数据包的路径（通常所谓的TTL）设置的很大，则有机会进行超长距离的传输，不过这会占用大量的中继资源，并不提倡。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("除了通过无线电传输的网络以外，APRS还可以通过iGate网关接入互联网。iGate网关可以将接受的数据包通过互联网发送至APRS-IS服务器，并将APRS-IS服务器传来的数据重新发送到无线电网络中。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("此外还有一些网站从APRS-IS服务器中获取APRS数据并展示在地图上。例如aprs.fi或aprs.cn。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"vara"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#vara"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" VARA")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("VARA是由EA5HVK所开发的闭源调制解调软件，有着用于SSB模式的VARA HF和用于FM模式的VARA FM两种不同类型。由于有着很高的传输速度以及对干扰和多径传播的抵抗力，因此受到了许多应急组织和商业用户等业余之外的用户的青睐。但由于闭源的代码、高昂的售价、仅用于Windows平台等缺陷而受到新近业余无线电爱好者的批评。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"数字语音"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#数字语音"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 数字语音")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("由于数字语音依赖于音频编解码器（虽然与模拟时代的声码器原理不同，但现在也将这些编解码器称为声码器），因此数字语音模式直到近些年才进入业余无线电中。数字语音模式大多数都与FM模式绑定，因此难以用于短波频率。但是数字信号通常可以通过互联网中的服务器传输。相对于不稳定的短波传播，数字语音可以直接利用互联网来进行稳定的联络。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"业余无线电数字智能技术-d-star"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#业余无线电数字智能技术-d-star"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 业余无线电数字智能技术 D-STAR")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("D-STAR是日本业余无线电联盟JARL主导开发的业余无线电用数字模式，使用高斯最小频移键控调制(GMSK)。由于最早开发，因此使用了比较古老的AMBE+声码器。其功能上更贴近业余无线电的用途。除了基本的语音通信以外，还可以通过外接电脑或智能手机来实现文字聊天和图像传输。此外D-STAR还可以在1.2GHz频段提供纯数据通信模式并可以为电脑提供网络连接。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("D-STAR的设备主要由Icom生产，但Icom并未拥有D-STAR。此外，D-STAR的其他基础设施大都是由业余爱好者所开发。例如网关（用于将中继台连接至互联网）、反射器（将收到的数据转发给其他客户端，可以理解为网关之间的中继台）、注册系统、中继控制软件等。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("许多较新的D-STAR设备都提供直接或间接连接互联网的功能。而对于较旧的设备则只能通过热点或中继来接入互联网。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"系统融合-system-fusion"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#系统融合-system-fusion"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 系统融合 System Fusion")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("“系统融合”是八重洲基于专业无线电数字语音模式P25改进而来的业余无线电数字语音模式，和P25 Phase1全速模式一样使用连续包络四级频移键控调制(C4FM)。继承了P25超高音质的优点，也提供了诸多方便业余爱好者使用的功能，例如可以直接在设备上搜索和切换聊天室、可以发送图片、新闻、公告、电子QSL卡、文字聊天等功能。但这些功能都由八重洲专有软件实现。业余爱好者虽然也按照D-Star的模式自行开发了诸如FCS和YSF等反射器软件，但其他功能还需要依赖于逆向工程。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("相对于其他模式而言，系统融合还有针对远距离传输所特制的模式，牺牲了部分数据传输的内容来换取更多的校验信息。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("绝大部分系统融合设备都可以通过串口连接计算机来连接到八重洲官方所架设的Wires-X网络，但该网络国内用户很少使用。由于目前该连接方式尚未被业余用户常用的YSF反射器网络所破解和使用。因此对于目前的国内用户来说，只能通过热点或中继来接入YSF反射器网络。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"专业数字语音模式"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#专业数字语音模式"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" 专业数字语音模式")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("专业数字语音模式常见的有摩托罗拉和欧盟主导的DMR模式、建伍与Icom联合开发的NXDN、北美政府机构使用的P25和欧洲政府机构使用的Tetra。除Tetra使用π/4-差分正交相移键控调制(π/4-DQPSK)外，其他模式大都使用四级频移键控(4FSK)，P25 Phase1使用的C4FM也是一种特殊的4FSK调制。其中DMR是最为常见的模式。相比于其他模式，DMR由于可以将12.5kHz的带宽进一步分割为两个6.25kHz的信道，并且是开放授权模式而大受欢迎。因此采用DMR的产品数量众多且价格低廉。是许多想要尝试数字语音模式的爱好者最先考虑的类型。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("专业数字语音模式在开发时并未考虑业余爱好者使用，在设计上是需要由管理员来设置设备并管理用户使用的。因此在使用中需要由管理员分配ID，以及需要使用中心化的服务器而不是直接通过互联网在不同站点间传输数据。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("摩托罗拉业余无线电俱乐部MARC创立了管理ID分发的RadioID组织和DMR-MARC网络。大多数国内的数字语音爱好者都聚集在由欧洲摩托罗拉经销商赞助的并由摩托罗拉内部专有代码编写的BrandMeister服务器中。此外，还有以开源软件为主的FreeDMR网络，以及适配多种不同数字语音模式的XLX反射器。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("绝大部分专业数字语音设备都必须使用热点才能连接到互联网，只有少部分价格高昂的旗舰级设备才具有直接连接至互联网的功能。")]),a._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"freedv和m17"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#freedv和m17"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" FreeDV和M17")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("上文提到的几种数字语音模式都使用了DVSI所开发的AMBE系列声码器，其中D-STAR使用的AMBE+声码器的专利已过期，但其他几种使用的AMBE+2声码器还没过期（直到2028年）。许多业余爱好者认为这不但违背了业余无线电开放的精神，更违背了业余无线电应该公开所使用通信技术这一条法律。因此一些爱好者开发了开源的Codec2声码器。并在此基础上开发了FreeDV和M17两种业余数字语音模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("其中FreeDV是用于短波和长距离通信的模式，而M17更类似于上述的用于VHF/UHF频段数字语音模式。目前这两种模式仍处于开发阶段。除了语音以外，FreeDV还有利用Codec2的数据模式来进行数据传输的衍生模式FreeData。")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("目前而言，并没有直接使用这两种模式的设备，不过由于短波电台通常具有SSB模式，而且大部分车载电台都具有用于数据通信的9600接口，因此可以通过外置调制解调器的方式来使用这两种模式。")]),a._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"wi-fi和lte"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#wi-fi和lte"}},[a._v("#")]),a._v(" Wi-Fi和LTE")]),a._v(" "),t("p",[a._v("你没看错，实际上，Wi-Fi和LTE的频段和业余频段是有重合的，也因此诞生了一些使用这两者的业余无线电用法。不过由于距离限制、技术限制、政策限制等因素，因此很少有爱好者去使用。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/58.2a94a15e.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/58.2fd151ca.js similarity index 99% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/58.2a94a15e.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/58.2fd151ca.js index eab95de..d67a86e 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/58.2a94a15e.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/58.2fd151ca.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[58],{380:function(_,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var r=a(4),s=Object(r.a)({},(function(){var _=this,t=_._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":_.$parent.slotKey}},[t("blockquote",[t("p",[_._v("本文编辑：@BloodBlade")])]),_._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"射频连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#射频连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 射频连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("射频连接器是专为传输在无线电频率下工作的信号所设计的一种电气连接器，常见于各种使用无线电的设备，以及信号工作在无线电频率的其他设备。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("和普通的电气连接器相比，大多数射频连接器都有更多对于射频信号的优化，例如具有屏蔽、减少阻抗变化、降低反射功率和损耗等。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("射频连接器类型多种多样，适用的工作状况也不尽相同，因此在这里对一些射频连接器进行介绍。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"基本概念"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#基本概念"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 基本概念")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("在对连接器介绍之前，有一些基本概念需要先进行介绍。")]),_._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"功率和耐压"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#功率和耐压"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 功率和耐压")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("和普通连接器一样，射频连接器对功率的限制取决于导体的尺寸，接口的耐压能力和其本身的耐热性。\n不过需要注意的是，由于趋肤效应的存在，频率越高，电流越集中在导体表层。因此实际上导体中流过电流的横截面积会变小。\n因此，同一连接器中，低频率的信号可以通过更大的功率，高频率的信号则只能通过更低的功率。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("此外，考虑到接触不良或者污渍等情况，最好选择设计功率和耐压性能远大于需要的连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"阻抗"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#阻抗"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 阻抗")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("即使是同一种连接器，不同阻抗的设计下，其尺寸也会不同。因此即使仅仅只是把不同阻抗的接头接在一起，也很可能会造成损坏。\n因此安装前要一定要注意阻抗，业余无线电和其他常见射频设备都是使用50欧姆阻抗，只有广播电视类设备才使用75欧姆阻抗，不要买错了。")]),_._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"反极性-rp"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#反极性-rp"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 反极性(RP)")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("通常来说，内部导体为插头、插针的为公连接器；内部导体为插座、插孔的为母连接器。母连接器常见于设备端，而公连接器则通常安装在线上。\n但是需要注意的是，许多连接器都有着反极性的衍生型号。在连接器的外壳不变的情况下，反极性连接器的内部导体原本是插座的变为插头，而内部是插头的则变为插座，即两者互相替换。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("例如某一对连接器是“外螺纹-孔”和“内螺纹-针”，其对应的反极性则为“外螺纹-针”和“内螺纹-孔”。这两对连接器虽然外形粗看类似，但内部是无法进行连接的，在选购时需要额外注意这一点。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("大部分情况下，反极性对电气性能并没有很大的影响，而是一种防止普通用户私自改动的措施。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"uhf连接器-m头-pl-259-so-239-etc"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#uhf连接器-m头-pl-259-so-239-etc"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" UHF连接器/M头/PL-259/SO-239/etc.")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_UHF_PL_Connector.jpg",alt:"UHF公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这些名字都代表同一种连接器，也是业余无线电中最常见的连接器之一。\n由于UHF一词在该连接器被发明的时代（20世纪30年代）被用于表示超过30MHz的频率，因此这种被设计用来工作在100MHz以下频率的连接器被命名为UHF连接器。\n虽然现代UHF一词特指300MHz-3GHz之间的频率，而100MHz则位于VHF频率中，但连接器的名字也仍然没有改变。\n而其他诸如PL-259、SO-239等名字则来自于美国军方的联合电子类型指定系统及其前身陆军-海军联合命名系统。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("UHF连接器是所谓“香蕉连接器”的衍生设计，其内部导体为0.156英寸香蕉插头，外部使用5/8英寸24tip螺纹外壳作为屏蔽壳。\n不过实际上UHF连接器并没有标准或规范，因此有很多不使用英制单位的设计，比如4mm内部导体和16mm和1mm螺纹的外壳，这也使得不同生产厂家的产品很可能无法连接在一起。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("UHF连接器一般用于VHF及以下频率使用，但现在许多UHF连接器都对内部的香蕉插孔部分进行了改进，使得其阻抗更为稳定，并且在435MHz范围内仍然可以使用。\n不过在对信号有着更高质量要求的情况下，UHF连接器通常被新型的连接器所代替，例如BNC等。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("由于UHF连接器尺寸比其他连接器更大，这也使得它可以承受更高的功率。原始设计可以承受500V的峰值电压，而改进后设计可以承受4kV的电压，因此它可以用来传输千瓦级别的功率。\n不过需要注意的是，一般的UHF连接器并没有防水设计，如用于室外使用，需要额外进行防水处理。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("UHF连接器有被称为迷你UHF连接器的衍生型号，于20世纪70年代推出，使用3/8-24螺纹，并且工作频率最高可达2.5GHz。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"bnc和tnc连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bnc和tnc连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" BNC和TNC连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_BNC_connector_50_ohm_male.jpg",alt:"50欧姆BNC公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("BNC为Bayonet Neil-Concelman的首字母缩写，B意味着连接器使用两个凸起来固定，而N和C则来自于其发明者Paul Neil和Carl Concelman。除了BNC连接器外，他们两位还发明了许多其他连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("BNC连接器设计上用于4GHz及以下频率，以及低于500V的电压值，并有着50欧姆和75欧姆两种阻抗的设计版本。\n由于其使用凸起而不是螺纹来固定，这使得BNC连接器能够更方便的连接和断开，因此它常被用于各种传输模拟信号的地方，例如天线、视频音频信号、时钟信号和各种仪器仪表中。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Cross_sections_of_BNC_and_HDBNC_connectors.png",alt:"BNC和小型化衍生型号HD-BNC的剖面图"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_TNC_with_BNC.jpg",alt:"左侧为TNC，右侧为BNC"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("TNC连接器是BNC连接器的衍生型号，为Threaded Neil-Concelman的首字母缩写，T意味着使用螺纹连接。\nTNC连接器具有比BNC连接器更好的性能，它可以工作在11GHz以下的频率上。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"n连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#n连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" N连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_N_connector_75and50ohm.jpg",alt:"上面为75欧姆，下面为50欧姆"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("N仍然来自于其发明者，贝尔实验室的Pual Neil。最初的N连接器设计用于1GHz以下，但现代的N连接器通常进行了改进，因此可以传输11GHz乃至18GHz的信号。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Cross_section_of_an_N_connector_mated_pair.jpg",alt:"N型连接器剖面图"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("它使用螺纹进行固定，通常有着1000V均方根电压的耐压，并且可以在20MHz下传输5kW功率，即使2GHz下也可以传输500W功率。\n其设计有着50欧姆和75欧姆两种版本，此外，也有使用快装卡扣的衍生型号以及增加了尺寸来提高耐压性能的衍生型号。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"c连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#c连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" C连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_C_connector_75and50ohm.jpg",alt:"上面为75欧姆，下面为50欧姆"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("C还是来自于其发明者，安费诺公司的Carl Concelman。C连接器类似BNC，使用两个凸起来进行固定，并有着较强的防水性能。其设计用于11GHz和1500V的耐压。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("不过别和USB Type-C搞混了。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"sm系列连接器-subminiature-version-a-b-c-sma-smb-smc"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sm系列连接器-subminiature-version-a-b-c-sma-smb-smc"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" SM系列连接器 SubMiniature Version A/B/C SMA/SMB/SMC")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("SMA、SMB和SMC连接器都是20世纪60年代开发的精密连接器，也是非常常见的连接器之一。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Male_50_ohm_SMA_connector.jpg",alt:"50欧姆SMA公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("SMA连接器可用于12GHz以下频率。比较常见于各种手持对讲机等各种较小尺寸或较高工作频率的设备上。\n它使用1/4-36UNS-2A螺纹，公头外部使用5/16英寸六角螺母外形，内部导体直径为0.93mm，与RG402同轴电缆的内部导体相同，耐压大约1000V均方根电压。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Cross_section_of_an_SMA_mated_pair.png",alt:"SMA连接器剖面图"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("一些衍生型号通过增加内部导体的尺寸来提供更高的工作频率，比如1mm、1.85mm、2.4mm、2.92mm、3.5mm，这些衍生型号有些可以互相兼容，有些则不可以，需要注意。\n另外，还有一些将螺纹改为卡扣的衍生型号，如QMA、QN和QLS连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_SMB_Connector.jpg",alt:"SMB连接器"}}),_._v(" "),t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_SMC-Steckverbinder.jpg",alt:"SMC连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("SMB具有比SMA连接器更小的尺寸，但它只能工作在4GHz以下，使用卡扣固定，一般与3mm/1.7mm或2.2mm/1mm的线缆配合使用。\nSMC是SMB连接器的螺纹版本，并且具有插孔的一端是公连接器，而具有插针的是母连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"广濑u-fl连接器-i-pex连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#广濑u-fl连接器-i-pex连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 广濑U.FL连接器/I-PEX连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_2_mm_SMD_UFL_Socket.jpg",alt:"U.FL公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("由广濑电机所开发的小型射频连接器系列，现在已经被日本第一精工收购。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这种连接器具有许多种不同尺寸和规格的版本，通常用于6GHz以下的信号。\n和其他连接器不同，它们是专用于电路板表面贴装的小型连接器，使用卡扣进行固定，并且具有非常小的体积。\n因此很难在日常使用中接触到，不过当需要涉及到设备内部时，这是非常常见的一种连接器。\n此外，还有尺寸更小的W.FL连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("由于其设计上用于设备内部，因此寿命较低，不能承受多次插拔。另外由于U.FL为注册商标，因此其他生产兼容形状的厂家会使用其他名字来称呼。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"mcx和mmcx系列"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#mcx和mmcx系列"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" MCX和MMCX系列")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_MCX_Male&Female.jpg",alt:"MCX连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("MCX是20世纪80年代开发的小型连接器，和SMB具有相同的导体和绝缘体尺寸，但外部形状大幅度缩小，可用于6GHz以下的信号。常用于一些需要小尺寸接口的设备。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_MMCX_Straight_Male_P.C.B..jpg",alt:"MMCX连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("MMCX是20世纪90年代开发的，比MCX更小的连接器，同样可用于6GHz以下频率，用于需要更小接口的设备。由于其使用螺纹固定，比U.FL有更强的使用寿命。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"f连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#f连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" F连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_F-Stecker_und_Kabel.jpg",alt:"F公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("F连接器并不常见于业余无线电中，但却是非常常见的射频连接器。由Eric E. Winston于20世纪50年代发明并由美国的Jerrold Electronics公司所使用。\n其多用于电视线路中，因此通常使用75欧姆阻抗。现在由IEC 61169-24:2019规范所指定，设计上用于低于1GHz的信号，但实际上即使2GHz也可以使用。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("设计上以成本为优先，因此公连接器仅仅只是带有螺母的外壳，并没有插针，而是由RG-6或RG-59同轴线的内部导体来作为其插针。安装时只需留出足够长度的内部导体，并将外部屏蔽层拧在外壳上即可。\n由于其结构简单，因此不具有防水性，而且更容易受到安装质量的影响产生泄露而导致干扰。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"belling-lee连接器-type-9-52"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#belling-lee连接器-type-9-52"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" Belling-Lee连接器/Type 9，52")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_IEC_169-2_male_and_female_connector.jpg",alt:"Belling-Lee连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这同样不是业余无线电常用的连接器，也同样是国内最为常见的射频连接器之一。由英国的Belling & Lee公司所发明，在1922年由BBC首次使用。\n这种连接器使用IEC61169规范，具有75欧姆阻抗，可以工作在1GHz及以下频率。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这种连接器常见于国内、欧洲、东南亚和澳洲，用于电视机，以及配套设备的射频接口。其公连接器具有3/8英寸(9.52mm)外形，没有螺纹，可以直接插拔。常被称为9.5mm电视头或者干脆就叫TV头。\n此外，还有具有M14x1螺纹的衍生类型，但十分罕见。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"_3-5mm-ts端子"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#_3-5mm-ts端子"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 3.5mm TS端子")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("大名鼎鼎的3.5mm插头，通常用于传输音频，但实际上也可以用来传输射频信号，许多收音机的外部天线接口会使用这种3.5mm端子。\n不过缺陷也很明显，这些连接器设计上并没考虑过诸如功率和屏蔽之类的问题，因此仅能用于短距离传输和仅接收的设备。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[58],{379:function(_,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var r=a(4),s=Object(r.a)({},(function(){var _=this,t=_._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":_.$parent.slotKey}},[t("blockquote",[t("p",[_._v("本文编辑：@BloodBlade")])]),_._v(" "),t("h1",{attrs:{id:"射频连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#射频连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 射频连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("射频连接器是专为传输在无线电频率下工作的信号所设计的一种电气连接器，常见于各种使用无线电的设备，以及信号工作在无线电频率的其他设备。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("和普通的电气连接器相比，大多数射频连接器都有更多对于射频信号的优化，例如具有屏蔽、减少阻抗变化、降低反射功率和损耗等。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("射频连接器类型多种多样，适用的工作状况也不尽相同，因此在这里对一些射频连接器进行介绍。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"基本概念"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#基本概念"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 基本概念")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("在对连接器介绍之前，有一些基本概念需要先进行介绍。")]),_._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"功率和耐压"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#功率和耐压"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 功率和耐压")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("和普通连接器一样，射频连接器对功率的限制取决于导体的尺寸，接口的耐压能力和其本身的耐热性。\n不过需要注意的是，由于趋肤效应的存在，频率越高，电流越集中在导体表层。因此实际上导体中流过电流的横截面积会变小。\n因此，同一连接器中，低频率的信号可以通过更大的功率，高频率的信号则只能通过更低的功率。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("此外，考虑到接触不良或者污渍等情况，最好选择设计功率和耐压性能远大于需要的连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"阻抗"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#阻抗"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 阻抗")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("即使是同一种连接器，不同阻抗的设计下，其尺寸也会不同。因此即使仅仅只是把不同阻抗的接头接在一起，也很可能会造成损坏。\n因此安装前要一定要注意阻抗，业余无线电和其他常见射频设备都是使用50欧姆阻抗，只有广播电视类设备才使用75欧姆阻抗，不要买错了。")]),_._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"反极性-rp"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#反极性-rp"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 反极性(RP)")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("通常来说，内部导体为插头、插针的为公连接器；内部导体为插座、插孔的为母连接器。母连接器常见于设备端，而公连接器则通常安装在线上。\n但是需要注意的是，许多连接器都有着反极性的衍生型号。在连接器的外壳不变的情况下，反极性连接器的内部导体原本是插座的变为插头，而内部是插头的则变为插座，即两者互相替换。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("例如某一对连接器是“外螺纹-孔”和“内螺纹-针”，其对应的反极性则为“外螺纹-针”和“内螺纹-孔”。这两对连接器虽然外形粗看类似，但内部是无法进行连接的，在选购时需要额外注意这一点。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("大部分情况下，反极性对电气性能并没有很大的影响，而是一种防止普通用户私自改动的措施。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"uhf连接器-m头-pl-259-so-239-etc"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#uhf连接器-m头-pl-259-so-239-etc"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" UHF连接器/M头/PL-259/SO-239/etc.")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_UHF_PL_Connector.jpg",alt:"UHF公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这些名字都代表同一种连接器，也是业余无线电中最常见的连接器之一。\n由于UHF一词在该连接器被发明的时代（20世纪30年代）被用于表示超过30MHz的频率，因此这种被设计用来工作在100MHz以下频率的连接器被命名为UHF连接器。\n虽然现代UHF一词特指300MHz-3GHz之间的频率，而100MHz则位于VHF频率中，但连接器的名字也仍然没有改变。\n而其他诸如PL-259、SO-239等名字则来自于美国军方的联合电子类型指定系统及其前身陆军-海军联合命名系统。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("UHF连接器是所谓“香蕉连接器”的衍生设计，其内部导体为0.156英寸香蕉插头，外部使用5/8英寸24tip螺纹外壳作为屏蔽壳。\n不过实际上UHF连接器并没有标准或规范，因此有很多不使用英制单位的设计，比如4mm内部导体和16mm和1mm螺纹的外壳，这也使得不同生产厂家的产品很可能无法连接在一起。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("UHF连接器一般用于VHF及以下频率使用，但现在许多UHF连接器都对内部的香蕉插孔部分进行了改进，使得其阻抗更为稳定，并且在435MHz范围内仍然可以使用。\n不过在对信号有着更高质量要求的情况下，UHF连接器通常被新型的连接器所代替，例如BNC等。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("由于UHF连接器尺寸比其他连接器更大，这也使得它可以承受更高的功率。原始设计可以承受500V的峰值电压，而改进后设计可以承受4kV的电压，因此它可以用来传输千瓦级别的功率。\n不过需要注意的是，一般的UHF连接器并没有防水设计，如用于室外使用，需要额外进行防水处理。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("UHF连接器有被称为迷你UHF连接器的衍生型号，于20世纪70年代推出，使用3/8-24螺纹，并且工作频率最高可达2.5GHz。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"bnc和tnc连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#bnc和tnc连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" BNC和TNC连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_BNC_connector_50_ohm_male.jpg",alt:"50欧姆BNC公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("BNC为Bayonet Neil-Concelman的首字母缩写，B意味着连接器使用两个凸起来固定，而N和C则来自于其发明者Paul Neil和Carl Concelman。除了BNC连接器外，他们两位还发明了许多其他连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("BNC连接器设计上用于4GHz及以下频率，以及低于500V的电压值，并有着50欧姆和75欧姆两种阻抗的设计版本。\n由于其使用凸起而不是螺纹来固定，这使得BNC连接器能够更方便的连接和断开，因此它常被用于各种传输模拟信号的地方，例如天线、视频音频信号、时钟信号和各种仪器仪表中。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Cross_sections_of_BNC_and_HDBNC_connectors.png",alt:"BNC和小型化衍生型号HD-BNC的剖面图"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_TNC_with_BNC.jpg",alt:"左侧为TNC，右侧为BNC"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("TNC连接器是BNC连接器的衍生型号，为Threaded Neil-Concelman的首字母缩写，T意味着使用螺纹连接。\nTNC连接器具有比BNC连接器更好的性能，它可以工作在11GHz以下的频率上。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"n连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#n连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" N连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_N_connector_75and50ohm.jpg",alt:"上面为75欧姆，下面为50欧姆"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("N仍然来自于其发明者，贝尔实验室的Pual Neil。最初的N连接器设计用于1GHz以下，但现代的N连接器通常进行了改进，因此可以传输11GHz乃至18GHz的信号。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Cross_section_of_an_N_connector_mated_pair.jpg",alt:"N型连接器剖面图"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("它使用螺纹进行固定，通常有着1000V均方根电压的耐压，并且可以在20MHz下传输5kW功率，即使2GHz下也可以传输500W功率。\n其设计有着50欧姆和75欧姆两种版本，此外，也有使用快装卡扣的衍生型号以及增加了尺寸来提高耐压性能的衍生型号。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"c连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#c连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" C连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_C_connector_75and50ohm.jpg",alt:"上面为75欧姆，下面为50欧姆"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("C还是来自于其发明者，安费诺公司的Carl Concelman。C连接器类似BNC，使用两个凸起来进行固定，并有着较强的防水性能。其设计用于11GHz和1500V的耐压。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("不过别和USB Type-C搞混了。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"sm系列连接器-subminiature-version-a-b-c-sma-smb-smc"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#sm系列连接器-subminiature-version-a-b-c-sma-smb-smc"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" SM系列连接器 SubMiniature Version A/B/C SMA/SMB/SMC")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("SMA、SMB和SMC连接器都是20世纪60年代开发的精密连接器，也是非常常见的连接器之一。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Male_50_ohm_SMA_connector.jpg",alt:"50欧姆SMA公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("SMA连接器可用于12GHz以下频率。比较常见于各种手持对讲机等各种较小尺寸或较高工作频率的设备上。\n它使用1/4-36UNS-2A螺纹，公头外部使用5/16英寸六角螺母外形，内部导体直径为0.93mm，与RG402同轴电缆的内部导体相同，耐压大约1000V均方根电压。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_Cross_section_of_an_SMA_mated_pair.png",alt:"SMA连接器剖面图"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("一些衍生型号通过增加内部导体的尺寸来提供更高的工作频率，比如1mm、1.85mm、2.4mm、2.92mm、3.5mm，这些衍生型号有些可以互相兼容，有些则不可以，需要注意。\n另外，还有一些将螺纹改为卡扣的衍生型号，如QMA、QN和QLS连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_SMB_Connector.jpg",alt:"SMB连接器"}}),_._v(" "),t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_SMC-Steckverbinder.jpg",alt:"SMC连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("SMB具有比SMA连接器更小的尺寸，但它只能工作在4GHz以下，使用卡扣固定，一般与3mm/1.7mm或2.2mm/1mm的线缆配合使用。\nSMC是SMB连接器的螺纹版本，并且具有插孔的一端是公连接器，而具有插针的是母连接器。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"广濑u-fl连接器-i-pex连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#广濑u-fl连接器-i-pex连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 广濑U.FL连接器/I-PEX连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_2_mm_SMD_UFL_Socket.jpg",alt:"U.FL公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("由广濑电机所开发的小型射频连接器系列，现在已经被日本第一精工收购。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这种连接器具有许多种不同尺寸和规格的版本，通常用于6GHz以下的信号。\n和其他连接器不同，它们是专用于电路板表面贴装的小型连接器，使用卡扣进行固定，并且具有非常小的体积。\n因此很难在日常使用中接触到，不过当需要涉及到设备内部时，这是非常常见的一种连接器。\n此外，还有尺寸更小的W.FL连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("由于其设计上用于设备内部，因此寿命较低，不能承受多次插拔。另外由于U.FL为注册商标，因此其他生产兼容形状的厂家会使用其他名字来称呼。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"mcx和mmcx系列"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#mcx和mmcx系列"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" MCX和MMCX系列")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_MCX_Male&Female.jpg",alt:"MCX连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("MCX是20世纪80年代开发的小型连接器，和SMB具有相同的导体和绝缘体尺寸，但外部形状大幅度缩小，可用于6GHz以下的信号。常用于一些需要小尺寸接口的设备。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_MMCX_Straight_Male_P.C.B..jpg",alt:"MMCX连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("MMCX是20世纪90年代开发的，比MCX更小的连接器，同样可用于6GHz以下频率，用于需要更小接口的设备。由于其使用螺纹固定，比U.FL有更强的使用寿命。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"f连接器"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#f连接器"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" F连接器")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_F-Stecker_und_Kabel.jpg",alt:"F公连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("F连接器并不常见于业余无线电中，但却是非常常见的射频连接器。由Eric E. Winston于20世纪50年代发明并由美国的Jerrold Electronics公司所使用。\n其多用于电视线路中，因此通常使用75欧姆阻抗。现在由IEC 61169-24:2019规范所指定，设计上用于低于1GHz的信号，但实际上即使2GHz也可以使用。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("设计上以成本为优先，因此公连接器仅仅只是带有螺母的外壳，并没有插针，而是由RG-6或RG-59同轴线的内部导体来作为其插针。安装时只需留出足够长度的内部导体，并将外部屏蔽层拧在外壳上即可。\n由于其结构简单，因此不具有防水性，而且更容易受到安装质量的影响产生泄露而导致干扰。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"belling-lee连接器-type-9-52"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#belling-lee连接器-type-9-52"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" Belling-Lee连接器/Type 9，52")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[t("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/02_IEC_169-2_male_and_female_connector.jpg",alt:"Belling-Lee连接器"}})]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这同样不是业余无线电常用的连接器，也同样是国内最为常见的射频连接器之一。由英国的Belling & Lee公司所发明，在1922年由BBC首次使用。\n这种连接器使用IEC61169规范，具有75欧姆阻抗，可以工作在1GHz及以下频率。")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("这种连接器常见于国内、欧洲、东南亚和澳洲，用于电视机，以及配套设备的射频接口。其公连接器具有3/8英寸(9.52mm)外形，没有螺纹，可以直接插拔。常被称为9.5mm电视头或者干脆就叫TV头。\n此外，还有具有M14x1螺纹的衍生类型，但十分罕见。")]),_._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"_3-5mm-ts端子"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#_3-5mm-ts端子"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 3.5mm TS端子")]),_._v(" "),t("p",[_._v("大名鼎鼎的3.5mm插头，通常用于传输音频，但实际上也可以用来传输射频信号，许多收音机的外部天线接口会使用这种3.5mm端子。\n不过缺陷也很明显，这些连接器设计上并没考虑过诸如功率和屏蔽之类的问题，因此仅能用于短距离传输和仅接收的设备。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/64.f4ea7241.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/64.63fd43a8.js similarity index 96% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/64.f4ea7241.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/64.63fd43a8.js index 588c65f..d51f5f0 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/64.f4ea7241.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/64.63fd43a8.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[64],{386:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var s=t(4),a=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return 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"),_("p",[v._v("有的对讲机带有定位功能，例如APRS。如果当地有接收器（例如守听144.640MHz的设备），或者手台支持连接网络或手机APP（例如威诺VR-N76），你的定位就可以上传到互联网上被人看到。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("野外活动时，可能既没有接收器接收，也没有可靠的网络信号，但如果是团队行动，不影响对讲机收发其他队友的APRS信号并展示出队友的坐标和相对方位。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("注意，使用APRS之前，建议检查上报设置，关闭所有气象信息（例如温度、气压等）上报，以免引来不必要的麻烦。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=a.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[64],{394:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var s=t(4),a=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BG4IJK")])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("户外使用，例如爬山、骑行、运动等，当然优先考虑手台，也就是对讲机，而且最好是轻巧便携、续航足够的那种。")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"对讲机功能需求"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#对讲机功能需求"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 对讲机功能需求")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("户外使用购买对讲机时，建议考虑以下几点：")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("体积、重量：尽量小一些、轻一些，而且方便固定")]),v._v(" 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b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/65.2abad923.js similarity index 98% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/65.bc042be8.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/65.2abad923.js index 2edd72e..ae13d0e 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/65.bc042be8.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/65.2abad923.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[65],{387:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var a=t(4),s=Object(a.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BG4IJK")])]),v._v(" "),_("div",{staticClass:"custom-block warning"},[_("p",{staticClass:"custom-block-title"},[v._v("注意")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("驾驶过程中请注意安全，强烈建议通联前先将车辆开到安全位置，停稳后再操作电台。")])]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"电台"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#电台"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 电台")]),v._v(" 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"),_("li",[v._v("主机远离动力装置，以免干扰汽车行驶。如为老车，建议先找安全路段进行安全测试。")])]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"对讲机也是车台"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#对讲机也是车台"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 对讲机也是车台")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("没钱？没关系，对讲机也能当车台用，买个对讲机用小吸盘天线（注意接头要和对讲机匹配），通联时吸在车顶上，OK。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[65],{386:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var a=t(4),s=Object(a.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BG4IJK")])]),v._v(" "),_("div",{staticClass:"custom-block warning"},[_("p",{staticClass:"custom-block-title"},[v._v("注意")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("驾驶过程中请注意安全，强烈建议通联前先将车辆开到安全位置，停稳后再操作电台。")])]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"电台"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#电台"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 电台")]),v._v(" 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"),_("p",[v._v("虽然这些频率是能公开查到的，而且买对讲机就能收听到，但不代表通讯内容可以公开传播。随意散布非业余频率通信内容，等于举报自己违规。特别是军民两用机场，把他们的通讯发到网上就等于作死。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("s",[v._v("虽然现在可能没人管，不代表将来没有人翻你旧账。")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/72.4dca457b.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/72.0c57e679.js similarity index 98% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/72.4dca457b.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/72.0c57e679.js index 567bdb0..89c28f0 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/72.4dca457b.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/72.0c57e679.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[72],{394:function(r,t,e){"use strict";e.r(t);var o=e(4),n=Object(o.a)({},(function(){var r=this,t=r._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":r.$parent.slotKey}},[t("blockquote",[t("p",[r._v("本文编辑：@BG8LGP @BI1NDH")])]),r._v(" 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noreferrer"}},[r._v("Juliett"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("K")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=kilo&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Kilo"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("L")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=lima&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Lima"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("M")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=mike&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Mike"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("N")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=november&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("November"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("O")]),r._v(" 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noreferrer"}},[r._v("Sierra"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("T")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=Tango&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Tango"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("U")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=Uniform&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Uniform"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("V")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=Victor&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Victor"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("W")]),r._v(" "),t("td",[t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://youdao.com/result?word=Whiskey&lang=en",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[r._v("Whiskey"),t("OutboundLink")],1)])]),r._v(" "),t("tr",[t("td",[r._v("X")]),r._v(" 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…")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);t.default=n.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/74.59f6b6ad.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/74.7ec89baa.js similarity index 97% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/74.59f6b6ad.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/74.7ec89baa.js index 3f1ad93..2f9d084 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/74.59f6b6ad.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/74.7ec89baa.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[74],{396:function(_,v,t){"use strict";t.r(v);var a=t(4),r=Object(a.a)({},(function(){var _=this,v=_._self._c;return v("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":_.$parent.slotKey}},[v("blockquote",[v("p",[_._v("本文编辑：@BG4IJK")])]),_._v(" "),v("p",[_._v("摩尔斯电码看起来很难学，所以初学者如何才能学会摩尔斯电码呢？")]),_._v(" "),v("h2",{attrs:{id:"不要做的事情"}},[v("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#不要做的事情"}},[_._v("#")]),_._v(" 不要做的事情！")]),_._v(" 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"),_("p",[t._v("没错，国家规定了发射是违法。但是守听并没有阻止。只是规定了不可以传播你接收到的信息。")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("我们可以从下面五个角度来说可以玩什么：")]),t._v(" "),_("p",[_("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0201/1_01.png",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[t._v("手台守听，购买一台SDR，卫星守听，认识老Ham，WebSDR，准备考试")])]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("更多内容，请前往链接查看："),_("a",{attrs:{href:"https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/83",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("业余无线电新手A证之前可以玩什么"),_("OutboundLink")],1)])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[79],{401:function(t,_,n){"use strict";n.r(_);var r=n(4),e=Object(r.a)({},(function(){var t=this,_=t._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BG5UWQ")])]),t._v(" "),_("blockquote",[_("p",[t._v("本篇文章由 @BA7MTH 在 HamCQ 社区分享")])]),t._v(" "),_("p",[t._v("我是在 2021 年夏天的时候开始入坑的。之前我是穿越机飞手，因为天线玩多了，所以 B 站给我推了成都 M 哥。看他那个在车上通联全世界的视频看懵了。")]),t._v(" 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docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/80.bc626fda.js index f6ddcf7..d5d0e8a 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/80.5c0e6115.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/80.bc626fda.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[80],{404:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var l=t(4),e=Object(l.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BG4IJK")])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("对讲机")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"通联"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#通联"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 通联")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("TODO")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("电脑写频")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"上中继"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#上中继"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 上中继")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("中继台一般有三个参数：频率、频差和亚音。按照说明书说明设置对讲机的这几个参数即可。")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("频率：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("一般情况下，往对讲机中输入的是"),_("strong",[v._v("接收频率")]),v._v("，然后通过设置频差来获得发射频率。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("有些对讲机需要输入接收频率和发射频率。假如中继台参数为439.500/-5，那么接收频率为439.500MHz，发射频率为439.500-5=434.500MHz。")])])]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("关于频差：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("有些对讲机，频差是两个设置，一个是频差方向，一个是频差数字。例如中继参数为"),_("code",[v._v("-5")]),v._v("，那么频差方向要设置为"),_("code",[v._v("-")]),v._v("，频差频率设置为"),_("code",[v._v("5")]),v._v("。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("有些中继台提供参数时，给的是接收功率和发射功率，例如439.500MHz、434.500MHz，你可以通过计算"),_("strong",[v._v("接收频率减去发射频率")]),v._v("，得出频差为439.500-434.500=-5。")])])]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("亚音：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("如无特殊说明，通常是设置"),_("code",[v._v("发射亚音")]),v._v("或"),_("code",[v._v("编码亚音")]),v._v("，关掉"),_("code",[v._v("接收亚音")]),v._v("或"),_("code",[v._v("解码亚音")]),v._v("。例如亚音"),_("code",[v._v("88.5")]),v._v("，就调整对讲机，将发射亚音")])])])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("设置完成后，记得将设置保存为频道，便于下次操作。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("如何验证设置是否正确呢？把对讲机“尾音消除”或类似功能关掉，然后找个传播好的地方，按一下发射键然后马上松开，如果听到“咔”的声音，说明成功打到中继，可以开始CQ了。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("需要注意，由于“掐台子”很容易令人反感，因此不要频繁掐台子。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("很多中继会在特定时间组织台网点名活动，有些（例如济南黄河业余无线电台）甚至天天点名，可找当地台友询问具体时间，积极参加活动。")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"注意事项"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#注意事项"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 注意事项")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("发起呼叫之前先守听，确认没人之后再呼叫。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("不要长时间占用中继。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("如果中继总是有特定的几个人在特定的时间聊天，不必去阻止他们。他们可能是老HAM，在他们聊天的时候，某些老熟人在默默地听他们聊天，某些老熟人在趁着他们聊天的时候调试自己的设备和天线。如果你好不容易才打开中继，想测试一下信号，喊句插入就行。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("不要询问中继具体位置，如果需要调整天线或测试信号，明确说出自己的目的，并且只问中继的大致方位。")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[80],{402:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var l=t(4),e=Object(l.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BG4IJK")])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("对讲机")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"通联"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#通联"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 通联")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("TODO")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("电脑写频")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"上中继"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#上中继"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 上中继")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("中继台一般有三个参数：频率、频差和亚音。按照说明书说明设置对讲机的这几个参数即可。")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("频率：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("一般情况下，往对讲机中输入的是"),_("strong",[v._v("接收频率")]),v._v("，然后通过设置频差来获得发射频率。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("有些对讲机需要输入接收频率和发射频率。假如中继台参数为439.500/-5，那么接收频率为439.500MHz，发射频率为439.500-5=434.500MHz。")])])]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("关于频差：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("有些对讲机，频差是两个设置，一个是频差方向，一个是频差数字。例如中继参数为"),_("code",[v._v("-5")]),v._v("，那么频差方向要设置为"),_("code",[v._v("-")]),v._v("，频差频率设置为"),_("code",[v._v("5")]),v._v("。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("有些中继台提供参数时，给的是接收功率和发射功率，例如439.500MHz、434.500MHz，你可以通过计算"),_("strong",[v._v("接收频率减去发射频率")]),v._v("，得出频差为439.500-434.500=-5。")])])]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("亚音：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("如无特殊说明，通常是设置"),_("code",[v._v("发射亚音")]),v._v("或"),_("code",[v._v("编码亚音")]),v._v("，关掉"),_("code",[v._v("接收亚音")]),v._v("或"),_("code",[v._v("解码亚音")]),v._v("。例如亚音"),_("code",[v._v("88.5")]),v._v("，就调整对讲机，将发射亚音")])])])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("设置完成后，记得将设置保存为频道，便于下次操作。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("如何验证设置是否正确呢？把对讲机“尾音消除”或类似功能关掉，然后找个传播好的地方，按一下发射键然后马上松开，如果听到“咔”的声音，说明成功打到中继，可以开始CQ了。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("需要注意，由于“掐台子”很容易令人反感，因此不要频繁掐台子。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("很多中继会在特定时间组织台网点名活动，有些（例如济南黄河业余无线电台）甚至天天点名，可找当地台友询问具体时间，积极参加活动。")]),v._v(" "),_("h2",{attrs:{id:"注意事项"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#注意事项"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 注意事项")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("发起呼叫之前先守听，确认没人之后再呼叫。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("不要长时间占用中继。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("如果中继总是有特定的几个人在特定的时间聊天，不必去阻止他们。他们可能是老HAM，在他们聊天的时候，某些老熟人在默默地听他们聊天，某些老熟人在趁着他们聊天的时候调试自己的设备和天线。如果你好不容易才打开中继，想测试一下信号，喊句插入就行。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("不要询问中继具体位置，如果需要调整天线或测试信号，明确说出自己的目的，并且只问中继的大致方位。")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/81.680f7654.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/81.52e8bc72.js similarity index 99% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/81.680f7654.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/81.52e8bc72.js index a6ef7ef..8d74a01 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/81.680f7654.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/81.52e8bc72.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[81],{405:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var a=t(4),e=Object(a.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BH2VSQ @BI1NDH")])]),v._v(" "),_("h1",{attrs:{id:"业余无线电卫星通联入门"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#业余无线电卫星通联入门"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 业余无线电卫星通联入门")]),v._v(" "),_("h1",{attrs:{id:"一-业余无线电卫星的类型"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#一-业余无线电卫星的类型"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 一.业余无线电卫星的类型")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("1.FM转发器(ISS转发器，SO-50，PO-101，CAS-3H，AO-91，AO-92，TEVEL1-8，CAS-5A)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("FM转发器常作为新手入门的第一选择~~(大概也没有第二选择了)~~，使用手台即可激活转发器进行通联，只需要在手台内写入转发器的参数，在卫星过境时就可以像打开本地中继一样与卫星覆盖区域内的电台通联。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("2.线性转发器(RS-44，FO-29，CAS-4A，CAS-4B，XW-2A,B,C,D,F，XW-3/HO-113，CAS-5A，AO-73，FO-99，AO-7，FOX-1E/AO-109)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("线性转发器一般来说上行为LSB模式，下行为USB模式，需要使用UV段的全模式电台才能够进行通联，所以一般来说门槛较高。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("3.数字转发器(APRS)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("和FM转发器类似，通常使用APRS编码，如果成功打开中继的话，中继端会将你发送上去的APRS包下传，类似于FM中继的回波，国际空间站的APRS中继依旧在持续工作，其他的卫星比如NO-104(PSAT-2)，MAYA-3，MAYA-4 基本上都已经停止工作")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("4.数字转发器(SSB模式)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("比如GreenCube，通过单边带模式发射数字编码进行通联，除了模式基本上跟别的转发器没什么区别")]),v._v(" "),_("h1",{attrs:{id:"二-通联操作"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#二-通联操作"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 二.通联操作")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("1.天线")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("理论上来说，通过手台的原机天线就可以进行卫星的通联，但是卫星的下行功率一般来说只有几百毫瓦，手台天线的增益和灵敏度有时候会无法正常收到卫星的下行信号(但是ISS的转发器5w下行信号很强，天线辐射方向不对准也能收到)，一般使用指向性更好的八木天线指向卫星，如果使用手台原机的棒杆天线，需要将天线的辐射方向指向卫星，即将天线的侧边对向卫星。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("2.多普勒频偏")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("一般来说根据多普勒效应，卫星的实际上行和下行频率跟实际设定的频率会有一定偏差，需要按照多普勒效应计算频率的偏移量并做一定的修正(当然不动也是可以的，但是上升和下降的时候会错过很长的一段通联时间)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("3.CQ呼叫")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("FM转发的卫星一般来说轨道不算高，一次过境差不多十分钟至二十分钟，如果仰角过低，过境时间还会大幅缩减，所以说通联时应该尽量缩短呼叫，不需要像是呼叫本地中继一样进行呼叫，这样子会占用大量的时间从而影响他人通联，也会降低建立QSO的效率。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("稍微总结下我平时的呼叫习惯：(当然自己喊着习惯就好，没必要非得一样)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("CQ：CQ satellite + 自己呼号的字母解释法一遍")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("回复他人：对方呼号字母解释法 + 自己呼号字母解释法 You are Five Nine QSL?")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("回复他人的回复：对方呼号字母解释法 + 自己呼号字母解释法 You are also Five Nine, Thank you Seventy-three！")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("他人回复后结束通联：QSL！Thank you Seventy-three！")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("(当然理论上来说直接喊中文也不是不行，效率也是比较高的，但就是对方会很懵，也不利于与国外友台进行通联)")]),v._v(" "),_("h1",{attrs:{id:"三-日志上传"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#三-日志上传"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 三.日志上传")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("1.Lotw")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("一般来说，Lotw比较常用，Lotw有一个VUCC award，你每通到一个新的网格，他就会给你记上一分，VUCC 100可以申请奖状~~(好像还有贴纸之类的，而且不限于100，就是申请得花钱罢了)~~")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("P.S.Lotw的日志确认机制允许日志时间误差在30分钟之内，如果日志上传错误是无法删除的，再写个正确的日志上传吧(好像是说Lotw要支持清理错误日志还是什么来着，反正到今天为止这个功能还没上线_(:з」∠)_)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("2.eqsl确认")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("在eqsl.cc可以注册账号，剩下的就是上传日志的adi文件，在eqsl的Inbox可以进行QSL卡的确认和驳回，如果有和日志符合的QSL卡会自动确认，基本上就是电子版的交换QSL卡，但是如果你想有一个自定义，更好看的QSL卡面的话……得加钱")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("3.纸质QSL卡")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("啊这个就比较中规中矩了，卡发过去然后回卡发回来，就跟正常其他通联交换纸质QSL卡是一样的~~(还是纸卡有感觉)~~")]),v._v(" 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"),_("p",[v._v("2.发射功率")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("理论上来说只要对的够准，参数是对的，5w足够打开转发机，但是有的时候会有一些出人预料的事情(比如有人在转发器上面放歌，转发器静噪开太高了(没错，ISS，说你呢！"),_("em",[v._v("(:з」∠)")]),v._v(")，或者你一直被人压着上不去，根本没人听得到你，可以试试25w，绝对效果好(但是不推荐)")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("3.卫星状态")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("有些卫星，比如说PO-101，也就是Diwata-2B，属于计划开机，又或者像是AO-92这种上去之后寄了，转发器坏了，又或者像是AO-91这种电池寄了然后转发器半死不活的，可以去Amsat的网站www.amsat-org/status，网站上面有世界各地的无线电爱好者上传的信号报告，你可以在上面查询你所要使用的卫星是否开机，转发器是否工作。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[81],{403:function(v,_,t){"use strict";t.r(_);var a=t(4),e=Object(a.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BH2VSQ @BI1NDH")])]),v._v(" "),_("h1",{attrs:{id:"业余无线电卫星通联入门"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#业余无线电卫星通联入门"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 业余无线电卫星通联入门")]),v._v(" 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a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/95.185df3f8.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/95.488f3ec4.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[95],{420:function(t,n,o){"use strict";o.r(n);var s=o(4),e=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var t=this,n=t._self._c;return n("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[n("blockquote",[n("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BG5UWQ")])]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("IOTA（Islands On The Air），直译为空中的岛屿，也可称之为空中之岛，是国内三个 TA 项目中最活跃的一个。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("成立于 1964 年，它促进了与位于世界各地的岛屿上的电台的无线电联系，以丰富所有活跃在业余波段的经验，为此，它利用了围绕岛屿的广泛的神秘性。它由 Islands On The Air (IOTA) Ltd（此处称为 IOTA 管理）与英国大不列颠无线电协会（RSGB）合作管理。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v('IOTA 管理部门将各大洋的岛屿分为大约 1200 个 "IOTA组"，由于地理原因，每个组中的 "计数器"（即合格的岛屿）数量不同，并在IOTA目录和IOTA网站上公布了这些列表。对于IOTA岛屿追逐者来说，目标是与尽可能多的这些组中的至少一个计数器进行无线电联系，对于 IOTA 岛屿激活者来说，则是提供这种岛屿联系。该计划有一个强大的规则结构。IOTA 管理部门通过在荣誉榜和年度列表中公布参与者的详细表现，以及通过颁发证书和奖状来鼓励追捕者之间的友好竞争。')]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("其中，中国有19个岛屿（群）被登记在iota岛屿列表中")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("项目官网：https://www.iota-world.org/")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);n.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[95],{417:function(t,n,o){"use strict";o.r(n);var s=o(4),e=Object(s.a)({},(function(){var t=this,n=t._self._c;return n("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[n("blockquote",[n("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BG5UWQ")])]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("IOTA（Islands On The Air），直译为空中的岛屿，也可称之为空中之岛，是国内三个 TA 项目中最活跃的一个。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("成立于 1964 年，它促进了与位于世界各地的岛屿上的电台的无线电联系，以丰富所有活跃在业余波段的经验，为此，它利用了围绕岛屿的广泛的神秘性。它由 Islands On The Air (IOTA) Ltd（此处称为 IOTA 管理）与英国大不列颠无线电协会（RSGB）合作管理。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v('IOTA 管理部门将各大洋的岛屿分为大约 1200 个 "IOTA组"，由于地理原因，每个组中的 "计数器"（即合格的岛屿）数量不同，并在IOTA目录和IOTA网站上公布了这些列表。对于IOTA岛屿追逐者来说，目标是与尽可能多的这些组中的至少一个计数器进行无线电联系，对于 IOTA 岛屿激活者来说，则是提供这种岛屿联系。该计划有一个强大的规则结构。IOTA 管理部门通过在荣誉榜和年度列表中公布参与者的详细表现，以及通过颁发证书和奖状来鼓励追捕者之间的友好竞争。')]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("其中，中国有19个岛屿（群）被登记在iota岛屿列表中")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("项目官网：https://www.iota-world.org/")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);n.default=e.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/96.9281f587.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/96.a0809bad.js similarity index 95% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/96.9281f587.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/96.a0809bad.js index 78c5e35..debf582 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/96.9281f587.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/96.a0809bad.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[96],{421:function(t,n,r){"use strict";r.r(n);var o=r(4),s=Object(o.a)({},(function(){var t=this,n=t._self._c;return n("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[n("blockquote",[n("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BH3XZT")])]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("Parks on the Air® (POTA) 是一项正在进行的计划，旨在鼓励业余无线电操作员发展他们的技能、培养社区并向公众展示他们的爱好，以及在紧急环境下的应急意识和通信。该计划在全球范围内提供数千个公园，每个公园都将呈现独特的体验。 运营方式和季节也会影响体验感。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("Parks on the Air® (POTA) 活动始于2017 年初，当时 ARRL 的 National Parks on the Air （空中国家公园）特别活动结束。一群志愿者想要在一年的活动之后继续这种乐趣，因此，POTA 诞生了。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("与 IOTA 理念相似，POTA 是为了鼓励与位于世界各地的公园中的无线电台取得联系。 此前，中国大陆及港澳地区没有公园加入到此项目中，现在经过相关协调，由 @BH3XZT 作为 BY 地区公园管理员，录入相关信息，目前 POTA 活动已进入中国地区（包含港澳台），相关公园信息正在逐步完善；")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("截止2023年04月25日，已有 24 个省份共计 213 个公园录入到 POTA 官网可供业余无线电爱好者们激活，前十个最能代表BY地区的公园活动正在进行评选，")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("自此BY地区的公园节点加入 POTA 的全 DXCC 添加计划中，加入 POTA 大家庭。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("项目官网：https://parksontheair.com/")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[n("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0203/1_01.png",alt:""}})])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);n.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[96],{418:function(t,n,r){"use strict";r.r(n);var o=r(4),s=Object(o.a)({},(function(){var t=this,n=t._self._c;return n("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[n("blockquote",[n("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BH3XZT")])]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("Parks on the Air® (POTA) 是一项正在进行的计划，旨在鼓励业余无线电操作员发展他们的技能、培养社区并向公众展示他们的爱好，以及在紧急环境下的应急意识和通信。该计划在全球范围内提供数千个公园，每个公园都将呈现独特的体验。 运营方式和季节也会影响体验感。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("Parks on the Air® (POTA) 活动始于2017 年初，当时 ARRL 的 National Parks on the Air （空中国家公园）特别活动结束。一群志愿者想要在一年的活动之后继续这种乐趣，因此，POTA 诞生了。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("与 IOTA 理念相似，POTA 是为了鼓励与位于世界各地的公园中的无线电台取得联系。 此前，中国大陆及港澳地区没有公园加入到此项目中，现在经过相关协调，由 @BH3XZT 作为 BY 地区公园管理员，录入相关信息，目前 POTA 活动已进入中国地区（包含港澳台），相关公园信息正在逐步完善；")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("截止2023年04月25日，已有 24 个省份共计 213 个公园录入到 POTA 官网可供业余无线电爱好者们激活，前十个最能代表BY地区的公园活动正在进行评选，")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("自此BY地区的公园节点加入 POTA 的全 DXCC 添加计划中，加入 POTA 大家庭。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("项目官网：https://parksontheair.com/")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[n("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0203/1_01.png",alt:""}})])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);n.default=s.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/97.93b81663.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/97.be04084a.js similarity index 99% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/97.93b81663.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/97.be04084a.js index af811c2..f6287d4 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/97.93b81663.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/97.be04084a.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[97],{422:function(t,n,_){"use strict";_.r(n);var v=_(4),p=Object(v.a)({},(function(){var t=this,n=t._self._c;return n("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[n("blockquote",[n("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BH3XZT")])]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("目的\n世界各地无线电爱好者在24小时内可以和任何其他无线电爱好者进行通联，并鼓励尽可能多的通联中国各省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区的电台。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("竞赛日期\nSSB模式：4月的第三个周六UTC06:00到周日UTC05:59，共计24小时")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("波段和模式\n80米（3.5MHz）、40米（7MHz）、20米（14MHz）、15米（21MHz）、10米（28MHz）五个业余频段。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("一般规则\n4.1 发射机和接收机必须安置在直径500m范围内。参赛者使用的所有天线必须用线(馈线)物理连接到射频收发装置。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.2 允许使用遥控收发信装置，操作员的操作地点不受限制，但只能操作一个满足4.1要求的台址被用于收发信号。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.3 所有组别的参赛者允许使用packet、WEBcluster，skimmer，RBN网络。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.4 不允许使用任何方式自我公布（Self-spotting）。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.5 在符合惯例的SSB和CW频率范围内完成相应模式的通联，不允许使用交叉模式通联。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("波段\tCW（MHz）\tSSB（MHz）\n80米\t3.500-3.580\t3.600-3.875")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("40米\t7.000-7.035\t7.043-7.200")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("20米\t14.000-14.070\t14.112-14.350")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("15米\t21.000-21.070\t21.150-21.450")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("10米\t28.000-28.070\t28.300-29.000\n各波段CW和SSB频率使用范围建议")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("组别\n高功率：峰值功率大于100W，但不超过执照限制")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("MM\t多人多机（中国1名）\nSOAB\t单人全波段（奖牌：中国1名，各大洲第1名，世界第1名）\nSOSB\t单人单波段（无奖牌）\n低功率：峰值功率小于等于100W")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("M2-L\t低功率多人双机（奖牌：中国第1名）\nSOAB-FD-L\t低功率单人野外全波段（奖牌：中国1名）\nSOAB-L\t低功率单人全波段（奖牌：中国1名，各大洲第1名，世界第1名）\nSOSB-L\t低功率单人单波段（5个波段，无奖牌）\n小功率：SSB峰值功率小于等于10W，CW功率小于等于5W")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("SOAB-FD-Q\t小功率单人野外全波段（奖牌：中国第1名）\nSOAB-Q\t小功率单人全波段（奖牌：中国1名，各大洲第1名，世界第1名）\nSOSB-Q\t小功率单人单波段（5个波段，无奖牌）\n注意：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("• 中国的定义包括6.2所列的所有行政区域")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("• 香港、澳门、台湾、黄岩岛、东沙岛虽然是单独的DXCC字头，但都属于中国，计算系数但没有单独获奖名额。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1 单人组")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1.1 在比赛期间任何时刻只允许有一个信号出现在空中。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1.2 所有的操作、录入和发布（spotting）功能，只能由参赛者单人完成，不允许有其他操作员辅助收听或发送。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1.3 对于单人野外全波段组（SOAB-FD-L,SOAB-FD-Q,注意：野外组仅适合中国参赛者），所有天线必须是临时架设的，不能使用市电作为供电电源。提交日志的时候附带设台地点、天线、设备等照片，以帮助竞赛委员会判别是不是在典型的野外环境中参赛。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.2 多人组")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.2.1 多人多机组（MM）：对收发信机的数量没有限制，全波段不区分功率，但每个波段在同一时刻内只能有一个发射信号。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.2.1 多人双机组(M2-L)：限制为低功率（不大于100W）全波段，允许两个波段同时操作，但每个波段在同一时刻内只能有一个发射信号。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("6.交换的信息:\n建议比赛呼叫方式：CQ WAPC")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("6.1 非中国电台：信号报告+QSO序号，从001开始，例如59（9）001。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("6.2 中国电台：信号报告+省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区名缩写，例如59（9）BJ。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("中国之省缩写字母对照表——来源于GB/T2260-2007")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("北京\tBeijing\tBJ\t福建\tFujian\tFJ\t云南\tYunnan\tYN\n天津\tTianjin\tTJ\t江西\tJiangxi\tJX\t西藏\tXizang\tXZ\n河北\tHebei\tHE\t山东\tShandong\tSD\t陕西\tShaanxi\tSN\n山西\tShanxi\tSX\t河南\tHenan\tHA\t甘肃\tGansu\tGS\n内蒙古\tNeiMongol\tNM\t湖北\tHubei\tHB\t青海\tQinghai\tQH\n辽宁\tLiaoning\tLN\t湖南\tHunan\tHN\t宁夏\tNingxia\tNX\n吉林\tJilin\tJL\t广东\tGuangdong\tGD\t新疆\tXinjiang\tXJ\n黑龙江\tHeilongjiang\tHL\t广西\tGuangxi\tGX\t台湾\tTaiwan\tTW\n上海\tShanghai\tSH\t海南\tHainan\tHI\t香港\tHongkong\tHK\n江苏\tJiangsu\tJS\t重庆\tChongqing\tCQ\t澳门\tMacau\tMO\n浙江\tZhejiang\tZJ\t四川\tSichuan\tSC\t注1：黄岩岛属于海南\tHI\n安徽\tAnhui\tAH\t贵州\tGuizhou\tGZ\t注2：东沙岛属于台湾\tTW")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("QSO 分数\n7.1 中国电台：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("34个省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区的电台相互间的QSO：1分。\n与34个省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区以的外其他亚洲DXCC国家的QSO：1分。\n与其他洲电台的QSO：3分。\n与海上移动电台（/MM）和空中移动电台（/AM）的QSO不算系数，但对任何参赛者来说都值2分。\n在10米波段和40米波段上的QSO基础分乘以2，80米波段QSO的基本分乘以4。\n7.2 非中国电台:")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("与同洲电台的QSO：1分。\n与不同洲电台的QSO：3分。\n与海上移动电台（/MM）和空中移动电台（/AM）的QSO不算系数，但对任何参赛者来说都值2分。\n在10米波段和40米波段上的QSO基础分乘以2，80米波段QSO的基本分乘以4。\n与中国电台的QSO在上述得分后再乘以2。\n8 系数\n8.1 在每个波段上与每一个不同中国的省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区通联记一个系数。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("8.2 在每个波段上与每一个不同DXCC国家/地区通联记一个系数。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("9 最终成绩\n最终成绩=总QSO基本分×系数的总和（即中国的省系数+国家系数）")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("10 重复\n10.1 重复的通联是指和相同的电台在相同波段的通联。如果两个电台间第一个通联是有效的，重复的那个通联计0分。如果第一个通联无效，第二个（重复）通联会被接受")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("10.2 重复通联不会被处罚。也不需要在递交的竞赛日志中标识。此外，建议参赛者在竞赛日志中保留重复通联的记录。不要删除重复通联！")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11 竞赛日志 提交的一般要求\n强烈推荐使用电子竞赛日志并使用网页在线提交，WAPC竞赛委员会要求每一个可能的高分获得者提供电子竞赛日志。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.1 推荐使用DX-LOG、SD、N1MM、WINTEST作为比赛软件，使用N1MM需到http://www.mulandxc.com下载相应的自定义模块。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.2 比赛后向组委会递交CABRILLO格式的竞赛日志，推荐使用网页在线提交日志。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("中文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/upload_log?_locale=zh_CN\n英文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/upload_log?_locale=en_US")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.3 在线提交日志需要按提示完整填写各项内容，尤其是组别、邮寄地址和email地址，国内参赛者请在日志中提交您的中文姓名及中文地址，收快递的电话号码。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.4 竞赛日志所有记录的时间必须是UTC。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.5 竞赛日志中需记录发出与收到的比赛交换信息（信号报告+省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区缩写或序列号）。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.6 竞赛日志的文件名应该是——您的参赛呼号.log。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.7 纸质形式的竞赛日志只作为检查核对用的日志，不参与成绩排名；纸质日志应包含的内容与12.2一样，邮寄地址为：广东省惠州市惠城区下角东路5号四楼MULANDX俱乐部收。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.8 如果不能使用网页在线提交竞赛日志，您也可以选择通过email提交到：mulandxc@hotmail.com，若所递交的文件格式不能被竞赛委员会正确转换，则视为无效竞赛日志。请确认在主题栏中写上参赛呼号和组别，在邮件内容中包含邮寄奖牌的有效地址；以便今后竞赛委员会邮寄参赛奖品,奖状和证书。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.9 基本分和最终成绩的计算不是必须的，这将由竞赛委员会的软件最终算出。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("竞赛日志的提交期限\n12.1 竞赛日志必须在比赛结束后的7天内递交给竞赛委员会，如果因特殊情况延迟递交竞赛日志，需要有详细说明，没有预先合理说明而迟交日志的参赛者将失去获奖资格。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("奖状\n13.1 奖状：所有参赛者都可以获得电子奖状，成绩和奖状可通下列网站查询：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("中文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/report\n英文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/report?_locale=en_US")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("13.2 奖牌：对于多人和单人全波段各组，且高功率总QSO数量超过50个、低功率参赛者总QSO数量超过30个或小功率参赛者QSO数量超过15个，将有资格按第5节所列的奖励范围获得奖牌。注：中国以外参赛者不设野外组，所有单波段组仅发放电子奖状。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("14 扣分\n以下情况的QSO将被2倍扣分（原分数不算，另外加扣原分值的2倍）：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("不正确记录的呼号\n不正确记录的交换信息\nQSO没有出现在对方台的竞赛日志中\n以下情况的QSO既不记成绩也不扣分：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("您记录中的QSO时间和对方台竞赛日志中的时间相差10分钟以上\n您竞赛日志里的QSO波段与对方台的不同。\n不在对方台竞赛日志中的重复记录。\n15 处罚\n如果参赛者在比赛中使用了违反竞赛道德方法提高比赛成绩（例如，自我公告或变相自我公告，使用高功率比赛而申报低功率组别等），或者有证据表明在比赛中违法了本国业余无线电法规，竞赛委员会将给予警告、扣分直至取消比赛资格的处罚。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("声明\n本规则由MULANDX俱乐部制定，MULANDX俱乐部有最终解释权，奖励和处罚名单将于比赛结束后6个月内公布在俱乐部的网页上：http://www.mulandxc.com。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);n.default=p.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[97],{419:function(t,n,_){"use strict";_.r(n);var v=_(4),p=Object(v.a)({},(function(){var t=this,n=t._self._c;return n("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[n("blockquote",[n("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BH3XZT")])]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("目的\n世界各地无线电爱好者在24小时内可以和任何其他无线电爱好者进行通联，并鼓励尽可能多的通联中国各省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区的电台。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("竞赛日期\nSSB模式：4月的第三个周六UTC06:00到周日UTC05:59，共计24小时")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("波段和模式\n80米（3.5MHz）、40米（7MHz）、20米（14MHz）、15米（21MHz）、10米（28MHz）五个业余频段。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("一般规则\n4.1 发射机和接收机必须安置在直径500m范围内。参赛者使用的所有天线必须用线(馈线)物理连接到射频收发装置。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.2 允许使用遥控收发信装置，操作员的操作地点不受限制，但只能操作一个满足4.1要求的台址被用于收发信号。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.3 所有组别的参赛者允许使用packet、WEBcluster，skimmer，RBN网络。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.4 不允许使用任何方式自我公布（Self-spotting）。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("4.5 在符合惯例的SSB和CW频率范围内完成相应模式的通联，不允许使用交叉模式通联。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("波段\tCW（MHz）\tSSB（MHz）\n80米\t3.500-3.580\t3.600-3.875")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("40米\t7.000-7.035\t7.043-7.200")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("20米\t14.000-14.070\t14.112-14.350")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("15米\t21.000-21.070\t21.150-21.450")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("10米\t28.000-28.070\t28.300-29.000\n各波段CW和SSB频率使用范围建议")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("组别\n高功率：峰值功率大于100W，但不超过执照限制")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("MM\t多人多机（中国1名）\nSOAB\t单人全波段（奖牌：中国1名，各大洲第1名，世界第1名）\nSOSB\t单人单波段（无奖牌）\n低功率：峰值功率小于等于100W")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("M2-L\t低功率多人双机（奖牌：中国第1名）\nSOAB-FD-L\t低功率单人野外全波段（奖牌：中国1名）\nSOAB-L\t低功率单人全波段（奖牌：中国1名，各大洲第1名，世界第1名）\nSOSB-L\t低功率单人单波段（5个波段，无奖牌）\n小功率：SSB峰值功率小于等于10W，CW功率小于等于5W")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("SOAB-FD-Q\t小功率单人野外全波段（奖牌：中国第1名）\nSOAB-Q\t小功率单人全波段（奖牌：中国1名，各大洲第1名，世界第1名）\nSOSB-Q\t小功率单人单波段（5个波段，无奖牌）\n注意：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("• 中国的定义包括6.2所列的所有行政区域")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("• 香港、澳门、台湾、黄岩岛、东沙岛虽然是单独的DXCC字头，但都属于中国，计算系数但没有单独获奖名额。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1 单人组")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1.1 在比赛期间任何时刻只允许有一个信号出现在空中。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1.2 所有的操作、录入和发布（spotting）功能，只能由参赛者单人完成，不允许有其他操作员辅助收听或发送。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.1.3 对于单人野外全波段组（SOAB-FD-L,SOAB-FD-Q,注意：野外组仅适合中国参赛者），所有天线必须是临时架设的，不能使用市电作为供电电源。提交日志的时候附带设台地点、天线、设备等照片，以帮助竞赛委员会判别是不是在典型的野外环境中参赛。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.2 多人组")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.2.1 多人多机组（MM）：对收发信机的数量没有限制，全波段不区分功率，但每个波段在同一时刻内只能有一个发射信号。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("5.2.1 多人双机组(M2-L)：限制为低功率（不大于100W）全波段，允许两个波段同时操作，但每个波段在同一时刻内只能有一个发射信号。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("6.交换的信息:\n建议比赛呼叫方式：CQ WAPC")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("6.1 非中国电台：信号报告+QSO序号，从001开始，例如59（9）001。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("6.2 中国电台：信号报告+省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区名缩写，例如59（9）BJ。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("中国之省缩写字母对照表——来源于GB/T2260-2007")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("北京\tBeijing\tBJ\t福建\tFujian\tFJ\t云南\tYunnan\tYN\n天津\tTianjin\tTJ\t江西\tJiangxi\tJX\t西藏\tXizang\tXZ\n河北\tHebei\tHE\t山东\tShandong\tSD\t陕西\tShaanxi\tSN\n山西\tShanxi\tSX\t河南\tHenan\tHA\t甘肃\tGansu\tGS\n内蒙古\tNeiMongol\tNM\t湖北\tHubei\tHB\t青海\tQinghai\tQH\n辽宁\tLiaoning\tLN\t湖南\tHunan\tHN\t宁夏\tNingxia\tNX\n吉林\tJilin\tJL\t广东\tGuangdong\tGD\t新疆\tXinjiang\tXJ\n黑龙江\tHeilongjiang\tHL\t广西\tGuangxi\tGX\t台湾\tTaiwan\tTW\n上海\tShanghai\tSH\t海南\tHainan\tHI\t香港\tHongkong\tHK\n江苏\tJiangsu\tJS\t重庆\tChongqing\tCQ\t澳门\tMacau\tMO\n浙江\tZhejiang\tZJ\t四川\tSichuan\tSC\t注1：黄岩岛属于海南\tHI\n安徽\tAnhui\tAH\t贵州\tGuizhou\tGZ\t注2：东沙岛属于台湾\tTW")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("QSO 分数\n7.1 中国电台：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("34个省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区的电台相互间的QSO：1分。\n与34个省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区以的外其他亚洲DXCC国家的QSO：1分。\n与其他洲电台的QSO：3分。\n与海上移动电台（/MM）和空中移动电台（/AM）的QSO不算系数，但对任何参赛者来说都值2分。\n在10米波段和40米波段上的QSO基础分乘以2，80米波段QSO的基本分乘以4。\n7.2 非中国电台:")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("与同洲电台的QSO：1分。\n与不同洲电台的QSO：3分。\n与海上移动电台（/MM）和空中移动电台（/AM）的QSO不算系数，但对任何参赛者来说都值2分。\n在10米波段和40米波段上的QSO基础分乘以2，80米波段QSO的基本分乘以4。\n与中国电台的QSO在上述得分后再乘以2。\n8 系数\n8.1 在每个波段上与每一个不同中国的省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区通联记一个系数。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("8.2 在每个波段上与每一个不同DXCC国家/地区通联记一个系数。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("9 最终成绩\n最终成绩=总QSO基本分×系数的总和（即中国的省系数+国家系数）")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("10 重复\n10.1 重复的通联是指和相同的电台在相同波段的通联。如果两个电台间第一个通联是有效的，重复的那个通联计0分。如果第一个通联无效，第二个（重复）通联会被接受")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("10.2 重复通联不会被处罚。也不需要在递交的竞赛日志中标识。此外，建议参赛者在竞赛日志中保留重复通联的记录。不要删除重复通联！")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11 竞赛日志 提交的一般要求\n强烈推荐使用电子竞赛日志并使用网页在线提交，WAPC竞赛委员会要求每一个可能的高分获得者提供电子竞赛日志。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.1 推荐使用DX-LOG、SD、N1MM、WINTEST作为比赛软件，使用N1MM需到http://www.mulandxc.com下载相应的自定义模块。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.2 比赛后向组委会递交CABRILLO格式的竞赛日志，推荐使用网页在线提交日志。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("中文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/upload_log?_locale=zh_CN\n英文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/upload_log?_locale=en_US")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.3 在线提交日志需要按提示完整填写各项内容，尤其是组别、邮寄地址和email地址，国内参赛者请在日志中提交您的中文姓名及中文地址，收快递的电话号码。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.4 竞赛日志所有记录的时间必须是UTC。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.5 竞赛日志中需记录发出与收到的比赛交换信息（信号报告+省/直辖市/自治区/特别行政区缩写或序列号）。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.6 竞赛日志的文件名应该是——您的参赛呼号.log。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.7 纸质形式的竞赛日志只作为检查核对用的日志，不参与成绩排名；纸质日志应包含的内容与12.2一样，邮寄地址为：广东省惠州市惠城区下角东路5号四楼MULANDX俱乐部收。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.8 如果不能使用网页在线提交竞赛日志，您也可以选择通过email提交到：mulandxc@hotmail.com，若所递交的文件格式不能被竞赛委员会正确转换，则视为无效竞赛日志。请确认在主题栏中写上参赛呼号和组别，在邮件内容中包含邮寄奖牌的有效地址；以便今后竞赛委员会邮寄参赛奖品,奖状和证书。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("11.9 基本分和最终成绩的计算不是必须的，这将由竞赛委员会的软件最终算出。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("竞赛日志的提交期限\n12.1 竞赛日志必须在比赛结束后的7天内递交给竞赛委员会，如果因特殊情况延迟递交竞赛日志，需要有详细说明，没有预先合理说明而迟交日志的参赛者将失去获奖资格。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("奖状\n13.1 奖状：所有参赛者都可以获得电子奖状，成绩和奖状可通下列网站查询：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("中文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/report\n英文：http://www.mulandxc.com/index/report?_locale=en_US")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("13.2 奖牌：对于多人和单人全波段各组，且高功率总QSO数量超过50个、低功率参赛者总QSO数量超过30个或小功率参赛者QSO数量超过15个，将有资格按第5节所列的奖励范围获得奖牌。注：中国以外参赛者不设野外组，所有单波段组仅发放电子奖状。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("14 扣分\n以下情况的QSO将被2倍扣分（原分数不算，另外加扣原分值的2倍）：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("不正确记录的呼号\n不正确记录的交换信息\nQSO没有出现在对方台的竞赛日志中\n以下情况的QSO既不记成绩也不扣分：")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("您记录中的QSO时间和对方台竞赛日志中的时间相差10分钟以上\n您竞赛日志里的QSO波段与对方台的不同。\n不在对方台竞赛日志中的重复记录。\n15 处罚\n如果参赛者在比赛中使用了违反竞赛道德方法提高比赛成绩（例如，自我公告或变相自我公告，使用高功率比赛而申报低功率组别等），或者有证据表明在比赛中违法了本国业余无线电法规，竞赛委员会将给予警告、扣分直至取消比赛资格的处罚。")]),t._v(" "),n("p",[t._v("声明\n本规则由MULANDX俱乐部制定，MULANDX俱乐部有最终解释权，奖励和处罚名单将于比赛结束后6个月内公布在俱乐部的网页上：http://www.mulandxc.com。")])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);n.default=p.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/98.e7358621.js b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/98.2fed8ecc.js similarity index 98% rename from docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/98.e7358621.js rename to docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/98.2fed8ecc.js index 57dff74..786b449 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/98.e7358621.js +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/assets/js/98.2fed8ecc.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[98],{423:function(v,_,l){"use strict";l.r(_);var t=l(4),i=Object(t.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BH3XZT")])]),v._v(" "),_("h1",{attrs:{id:"通联全中国之省、直辖市、自治区、特别行政区奖状"}},[_("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#通联全中国之省、直辖市、自治区、特别行政区奖状"}},[v._v("#")]),v._v(" 通联全中国之省、直辖市、自治区、特别行政区奖状")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[v._v("通联全中国之省、直辖市、自治区、特别行政区奖状申请规则及办法")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("一")]),v._v("，本章程是为了提供给国内外业余无线电电台以及收听台（符合各国自身业余无线电台设定要求的合法业余无线电爱好者，以下同）申请“通联全中国之省、直辖市、自治区、特别行政区奖状”（以下简称“WAPC”奖状或“奖状”），需要遵守的行为基准而制定的规则和办法。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("二")]),v._v("，在特定波段、使用特定操作模式、特定范围等申请要求，可以在满足奖状申请条件的基础上予以特别标注。但可能会产生追加的费用。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("三")]),v._v("，奖状颁发形式默认为电子奖状，申请者可以经在线申请通过后，自行下载电子奖状；如果申请者需要纸质奖状，需在申请奖状时特别勾选“纸质奖状”，方可在申请者自行负担邮寄费用的情况下，获取纸质奖状")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("四")]),v._v("，奖状申请方式为在线申请。具体在线申请网址为：http://www.mulandxc.com ；奖状确认用品为QSL证明。包括纸质QSL，电子证明（LoTW的确认证明）、清晰可辨的证明照片等。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("五")]),v._v("，申请者在线http://www.mulandxc.com 注册并填写申请表格并上传第五条所列证明资料。申请者需承诺所提供的所有记录可被公开、检查、复制以及问询及所提供的记录为真实有效的记录。")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("六")]),v._v("，申请者提供的QSL证明（主要为LoTW截图证明或者纸质QSL卡片照片）必须包括如下内容")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("1、对方呼号")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("2、本方呼号")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("3、年月日和时间")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("4、波段或频率")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("5、工作模式或操作方式")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("6、对方的信号报告（RST）")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("7、如果使用卫星通信的话，需要有卫星的名称和编号")])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("七")]),v._v("，奖状认定委员会认为有必要审查申请者记录时，会要求申请者提供QSL或者电子证明的原件。申请者如果不能提供的话，奖状申请将会无效")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("八")]),v._v("，如果委员会判定发行的奖状发给了存有违反章程或者虚假记录的申请者，该奖状会被取消。申请者姓名、呼号将会被从记录中取消，申请的奖状会被取消并通报在官方网站上，并将禁止该申请者再次申请奖状")]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("九")]),v._v("，WAPC奖状申请的具体要求和费用")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("1、申请奖状的有效 QSO 自 2012 年 4 月 21 日开始。（WAPC 第一届测试赛）")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("2、WAPC 奖状所指的中国所有行政区具体名称如附件一")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("3、可用以申请奖状的QSO为通联或收听和中国所有行政区所属业余无线电台的有效通联。不可以使用中继（业余卫星除外），不可以经由其他业余无线电台介绍。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("4、通联（收听）的计算条件为：\n"),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("A 在不同的波段或者操作模式通联的同一呼号作为不同的电台计算")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("B 即使是同一呼号，操作者不同的情况下可以作为不同的电台计算")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("C 业余卫星使用的场合，使用接收波段作为通联波段")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("D 如中国的行政区发生变化，以申请时最新的行政区为准")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("E 使用多个呼号合并申请时，如果操作者是同一人，可以合并为同一个呼号计算。但是不能使用集体台呼号")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("F 不能用客席操作员的呼号作为申请奖状的依据。但如客席操作员印制带有操作地相关呼号的有效卡片，则可以用来申请奖状。")])])])]),v._v(" "),_("p",[_("strong",[v._v("十")]),v._v("，可申请的奖状分为如下几类")]),v._v(" "),_("ul",[_("li",[v._v("1、基础奖状：使用本人合法有效的任意呼号，汇总取得在任意波段、任意模式和中国所有行政区有至少一个QSO的记录并提供有效QSL记录（包括电子证明），即可申请基础奖状。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("2、可以单独申请单波段或者单模式奖状，也可以申请5波段奖状。申请费用对中国国内免费，但如需纸质奖状，则纸质奖状的邮寄费用需申请者自已承担（奖状寄送方式默认为快递）。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("3、如提供纸质QSL卡片用以核查，需要自行承担卡片来回寄送费用。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("4、在每年一次的WAPC比赛（WAPC contest）中如果一次性完成所有行政区的至少一次有效通联，并成功上传成绩者，经过比赛委员会核实后，会免费寄送WAPC特别奖状。")]),v._v(" "),_("li",[v._v("5、特殊情况下WAPC的电子证明请发送电子邮件到 mulandxc@hotmail.com ，邮件注明“WAPC奖状申请”。纸质QSL或者文档类证明请寄送到 广东省惠州市河坑路10号 杨文军收 并承担相应寄送费用。")])])])}),[],!1,null,null,null);_.default=i.exports}}]); \ No newline at end of file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[98],{420:function(v,_,l){"use strict";l.r(_);var t=l(4),i=Object(t.a)({},(function(){var v=this,_=v._self._c;return _("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":v.$parent.slotKey}},[_("blockquote",[_("p",[v._v("本文编辑：@BH3XZT")])]),v._v(" 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Air--POTA）是为了鼓励与位于世界各地的公园中的无线电台取得联系，此前，中国大陆及港澳地区没有公园加入到此项目中，现在经过相关协调，目前pota活动已进入中国地区(包含港澳台)，相关公园信息逐步完善。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-一-条-目的"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-一-条-目的"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 一 条：目的")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("为鼓励业余无线电爱好者走出家门到各地公园与国内外业余无线电台中通联，由 POTA-BY 地区管理员 "),r("a",{attrs:{href:"https://forum.hamcq.cn/u/18",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("BH3XZT"),r("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 提议，中国空中公园奖状管理组联合发起设立“中国空中公园通联 0-9 区奖状”奖状。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-二-条-申请要求"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-二-条-申请要求"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 二 条：申请要求")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("申请者必须为合法设立的业余电台，且在 "),r("a",{attrs:{href:"https://parksontheair.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("POTA官网"),r("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 注册账户。\n申请者在进行 POTA 活动时的活动地点必须在 POTA 活动官网公布的公园实体范围内，且必须遵守当前所在的公园及无线电管理部门的相关规定。\n用于申请奖状的有效通联应当发生于北京时间 2023年10月4日 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两者相差时间不得超过24小时（1UTC日）\n特别奖：")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("在进行 POTA 通联活动中，通联到的 0-9区 业余电台均在公园发射，则获得特别奖\n特别奖时限要求：申请此奖项的第一个 QSO 与最后一个 QSO 两者相差时间不得超过一周")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-五-条-申请方式"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-五-条-申请方式"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 五 条：申请方式")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("进入 业余无线电POTA 公众号，点击公园录入按钮，进入奖状申请页面并附通联证明材料。"),r("br"),t._v(" "),r("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/1_pota.png",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-六-条-真实性验证"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-六-条-真实性验证"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 六 条：真实性验证")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("申请人需承诺提供的通联信息真实有效、可供查证。必要时，奖状管理员可要求申请者提供通联证明的原件。若申请者无法按要求提供通联证明，申请作废。\n必要时，奖状管理小组可要求申请人提供对方电台为合法设立的业余电台的佐证材料。若无法证明，相关 QSO 不会计入奖项。\n申请者提交虚假通联信息或伪造通联证明的，取消其申请和已经签发的奖状，并禁止其再次申请奖状。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-七-条-奖状"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-七-条-奖状"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 七 条：奖状")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("奖状大小为 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file +(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[99],{421:function(t,r,a){"use strict";a.r(r);var e=a(4),n=Object(e.a)({},(function(){var t=this,r=t._self._c;return r("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":t.$parent.slotKey}},[r("blockquote",[r("p",[t._v("本文编辑：@BH7CSA")])]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"活动介绍"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#活动介绍"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 活动介绍")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("与IOTA理念相似，空中公园（Parks on the Air--POTA）是为了鼓励与位于世界各地的公园中的无线电台取得联系，此前，中国大陆及港澳地区没有公园加入到此项目中，现在经过相关协调，目前pota活动已进入中国地区(包含港澳台)，相关公园信息逐步完善。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-一-条-目的"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-一-条-目的"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 一 条：目的")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("为鼓励业余无线电爱好者走出家门到各地公园与国内外业余无线电台中通联，由 POTA-BY 地区管理员 "),r("a",{attrs:{href:"https://forum.hamcq.cn/u/18",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("BH3XZT"),r("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 提议，中国空中公园奖状管理组联合发起设立“中国空中公园通联 0-9 区奖状”奖状。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-二-条-申请要求"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-二-条-申请要求"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 二 条：申请要求")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("申请者必须为合法设立的业余电台，且在 "),r("a",{attrs:{href:"https://parksontheair.com/",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t._v("POTA官网"),r("OutboundLink")],1),t._v(" 注册账户。\n申请者在进行 POTA 活动时的活动地点必须在 POTA 活动官网公布的公园实体范围内，且必须遵守当前所在的公园及无线电管理部门的相关规定。\n用于申请奖状的有效通联应当发生于北京时间 2023年10月4日 之后。\n通联必须符合国家及地方法律法规之要求，不得使用地面中继台或互联网完成通联。\n申请奖状需提交架台照片，照片需体现电台、天线和操作员。\n申请奖项除特别规定外，无波段、模式要求。\n7.使用多个呼号合并申请时，如果操作者是同一人，可以合并为同一个呼号计算。但是不能使用集体台呼号")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-三-条-通联证明"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-三-条-通联证明"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 三 条：通联证明")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("以下类型的通联证明可用于申请该奖状：")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("POTA官网 日志截图，截图需包含用户名在内的网页全图\n纸质 QSL 卡片，申请时需提供正反面之扫描图像。\nARRL Logbook of the World（LoTW）确认证明，申请时需提供 QSO Detail 之截图。\n申请者提供的QSL证明（主要为LoTW截图证明或者纸质QSL卡片照片）必须包括如下内容")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("1 .对方呼号\n2 .本方呼号\n3 .年月日和时间\n4 .波段或频率\n5 .工作模式或操作方式\n6 .对方的信号报告（RST）\n7 .使用卫星通信的，需要有卫星的名称和编号\n说明：业余卫星使用的场合，使用接收波段作为通联波段")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-四-条-奖状类型及要求"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-四-条-奖状类型及要求"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 四 条：奖状类型及要求")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("普通奖状：")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("要求：在任意有 POTA 编号的公园进行通联，成功激活公园（一次通联10个QSO）的同时，与中国大陆0-9区业余电台进行双向 QSO，在日志上传至 POTA 官网后并取得通联证明。\n时限要求：申请此奖项的第一个 QSO 与最后一个 QSO 两者相差时间不得超过24小时（1UTC日）\n特别奖：")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("在进行 POTA 通联活动中，通联到的 0-9区 业余电台均在公园发射，则获得特别奖\n特别奖时限要求：申请此奖项的第一个 QSO 与最后一个 QSO 两者相差时间不得超过一周")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-五-条-申请方式"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-五-条-申请方式"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 五 条：申请方式")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("进入 业余无线电POTA 公众号，点击公园录入按钮，进入奖状申请页面并附通联证明材料。"),r("br"),t._v(" "),r("img",{attrs:{src:"/img/0202/1_pota.png",alt:""}})]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-六-条-真实性验证"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-六-条-真实性验证"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 六 条：真实性验证")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("申请人需承诺提供的通联信息真实有效、可供查证。必要时，奖状管理员可要求申请者提供通联证明的原件。若申请者无法按要求提供通联证明，申请作废。\n必要时，奖状管理小组可要求申请人提供对方电台为合法设立的业余电台的佐证材料。若无法证明，相关 QSO 不会计入奖项。\n申请者提交虚假通联信息或伪造通联证明的，取消其申请和已经签发的奖状，并禁止其再次申请奖状。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-七-条-奖状"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-七-条-奖状"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 七 条：奖状")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("奖状大小为 A4，载体为卡纸。载有奖状名称和信息、申请者姓名、呼号、奖状编号、签发日期、奖状管理员署名、防伪贴纸及钢印等。\n奖状有电子和纸质两种形式。申请电子奖状的，不收取费用。申请纸质奖状的，中国境内（含港澳台）收取人民币 20 元工本费和邮寄费，申请者自选以邮政挂号或快递到付寄出；中国大陆境外收取人民币 40 元工本费和邮寄费，以水陆路平信寄出。")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("电子版奖状无防伪贴纸及钢印")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("奖状由奖状管理小组成员轮流签发。")]),t._v(" "),r("h1",{attrs:{id:"第-八-条-规则解释方"}},[r("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#第-八-条-规则解释方"}},[t._v("#")]),t._v(" 第 八 条：规则解释方")]),t._v(" "),r("p",[t._v("此规则由奖状管理员小组负责解释，如有问题或建议请联系 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Zn(Object.assign(r,{router:n,render:e=>e("div",{attrs:{id:"app"}},[e("RouterView",{ref:"layout"}),e("div",{class:"global-ui"},Ns.map(t=>e(t)))])})),router:n}}(!1).then(({app:e,router:t})=>{t.onReady(()=>{e.$mount("#app")})})}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/categories/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/categories/index.html index decf211..261f7e9 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/categories/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/categories/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -193,6 +193,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/index.html index d53be09..a46641b 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -61,6 +61,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/04f629/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/04f629/index.html index 7daa413..9220a29 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/04f629/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/04f629/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -40,6 +40,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/06b481/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/06b481/index.html index a4c630a..02a4661 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/06b481/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/06b481/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/0de773/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/0de773/index.html index 52c6cc8..8a52f25 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/0de773/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/0de773/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/113a21/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/113a21/index.html index 4204e7e..f46cae9 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/113a21/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/113a21/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/172713/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/172713/index.html index da7e30b..74a3500 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/172713/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/172713/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1b5341/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1b5341/index.html index 2e9a665..3e06b1b 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1b5341/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1b5341/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1ba0ec/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1ba0ec/index.html index 56745c0..bbc6ba2 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1ba0ec/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1ba0ec/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1c86d1/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1c86d1/index.html index c01449e..bb5c13b 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1c86d1/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/1c86d1/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/28a56f/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/28a56f/index.html index 34ac155..f7e0a4f 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/28a56f/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/28a56f/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/2990d0/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/2990d0/index.html index e4b38b3..c7b46b6 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/2990d0/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/2990d0/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/34c708/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/34c708/index.html index 372235d..eaa1006 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/34c708/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/34c708/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ 访问社区 (opens new window)     开源仓库 - (opens new window)
    2024-03-14
    目录

    激励计划

    # 激励计划

    为了鼓励参与者产出更多的优质内容，我们制定以下规则，对参与编辑文档的伙伴表示感谢：

    一、社区选题内容

    • HamCQ 社区将会不定期发布所需的内容选题，参与者可认领对应的主题，并完善相关内容。
    • 参与者完成主题内容后，通过 如何参与编辑 章节中提到的方式，合并至主文档，获得 5 积分激励。
    • 每篇文章至少需要一名校对人员，可以由参与者指定人员进行校对，但不能是自己。校对者获得 2 积分奖励。

    二、其它情况

    • 对于主动投稿的人员，合并文档后，每篇文章可获得 2 积分，内容需不少于 300 字，有效内容字数不足的，单次合并（Merge Request）可获得 0.1 积分。
    • 图文并茂，每篇文章额外增加 1 积分。
    • 对于发现文档错误的人员，纠正内容并合并文档后，获得 0.1 积分。

    特别鸣谢

    目前奖励池的资金来源，由 HamCQ 社区赞助费、浩奇工作室运营资金做为预备。

    感谢赞助 HamCQ 社区的各位友台，鸣谢列表：赞助者 (opens new window)Sponsor

    # 积分兑换表：

    最近更新时间：2023 年 10 月 21 日

    礼品 所需积分 备注
    摩尔斯电码钥匙扣 15 -
    世纪金宇 CRAC 定制徽章胸针 15 -
    天空通讯常熟 K4 电键 200 -
    BH7JYR-UV 双段八木天线 300 -
    敬请期待更多礼品... - -

    # 积分榜

    积分信息已合并至社区： 资金排行榜 (opens new window)

    历史贡献人员：

    用户 贡献文章 首次编写时间 备注
    BG5VLI 查看 2023-10-21 -
    BH7CSA 查看 2023-10-20 -
    BloodBlade 查看 2024-8-9 -
    BI1SZM 查看 2024-4-13 -
    BG4IJK 查看 2024-7-22 -
    + (opens new window)
    2024-03-14
    目录

    激励计划

    # 激励计划

    为了鼓励参与者产出更多的优质内容，我们制定以下规则，对参与编辑文档的伙伴表示感谢：

    一、社区选题内容

    • HamCQ 社区将会不定期发布所需的内容选题，参与者可认领对应的主题，并完善相关内容。
    • 参与者完成主题内容后，通过 如何参与编辑 章节中提到的方式，合并至主文档，获得 5 积分激励。
    • 每篇文章至少需要一名校对人员，可以由参与者指定人员进行校对，但不能是自己。校对者获得 2 积分奖励。

    二、其它情况

    • 对于主动投稿的人员，合并文档后，每篇文章可获得 2 积分，内容需不少于 300 字，有效内容字数不足的，单次合并（Merge Request）可获得 0.1 积分。
    • 图文并茂，每篇文章额外增加 1 积分。
    • 对于发现文档错误的人员，纠正内容并合并文档后，获得 0.1 积分。

    特别鸣谢

    目前奖励池的资金来源，由 HamCQ 社区赞助费、浩奇工作室运营资金做为预备。

    感谢赞助 HamCQ 社区的各位友台，鸣谢列表：赞助者 (opens new window)Sponsor

    # 积分兑换表：

    最近更新时间：2023 年 10 月 21 日

    礼品 所需积分 备注
    摩尔斯电码钥匙扣 15 -
    世纪金宇 CRAC 定制徽章胸针 15 -
    天空通讯常熟 K4 电键 200 -
    BH7JYR-UV 双段八木天线 300 -
    敬请期待更多礼品... - -

    # 积分榜

    积分信息已展现至社区： 资金排行榜 (opens new window)

    历史贡献人员：

    用户 积分 贡献文章 获得时间 备注
    BG5VLI 2 查看 2023-10-21 -
    BH7CSA 2 查看 2023-10-20 -
    BloodBlade 10 查看 2024-8-9 -
    BI1SZM 3 查看 2024-4-13 -
    BG4IJK 32 查看 2024-7-22 -
    Theme by Vdoing
    - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/35f753/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/35f753/index.html index e506a68..77feeb4 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/35f753/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/35f753/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -39,6 +39,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3629bc/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3629bc/index.html index e3c6f3f..49c2611 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3629bc/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3629bc/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -41,6 +41,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/370453/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/370453/index.html index a32d569..caf5ffc 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/370453/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/370453/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -38,6 +38,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3724d7/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3724d7/index.html index 9d16079..db80d8e 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3724d7/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/3724d7/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4063f9/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4063f9/index.html index ce7e831..13c32d7 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4063f9/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4063f9/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -40,6 +40,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/41606c/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/41606c/index.html index 049f74c..e37fb13 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/41606c/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/41606c/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/42e178/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/42e178/index.html index c8b821c..72d379c 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/42e178/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/42e178/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -41,6 +41,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/450c65/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/450c65/index.html index f7016e6..abc9753 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/450c65/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/450c65/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/47edd6e/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/47edd6e/index.html index 7257592..059ac03 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/47edd6e/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/47edd6e/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ SMC是SMB连接器的螺纹版本，并且具有插孔的一端是公连接器
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4a904c/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4a904c/index.html index ec85ce5..fdffe1a 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4a904c/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4a904c/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4c093c/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4c093c/index.html index 6ad5928..fbacaa3 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4c093c/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/4c093c/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -44,6 +44,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/51c3a8/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/51c3a8/index.html index 5d8b619..52e884a 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/51c3a8/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/51c3a8/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/52354c/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/52354c/index.html index 4125273..7b064cb 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/52354c/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/52354c/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/54fb05/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/54fb05/index.html index 212fd58..f0239e0 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/54fb05/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/54fb05/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/590a9d/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/590a9d/index.html index 0082008..5242345 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/590a9d/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/590a9d/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5a4c08/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5a4c08/index.html index 355a9f5..5f02984 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5a4c08/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5a4c08/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5dba1c/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5dba1c/index.html index 0c0611a..22f8414 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5dba1c/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5dba1c/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5df6a1/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5df6a1/index.html index 9ebf0dc..5e04ae4 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5df6a1/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5df6a1/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5f6873/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5f6873/index.html index b603b14..97e34ff 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5f6873/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/5f6873/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6574b5/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6574b5/index.html index 2210adc..a6c04d2 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6574b5/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6574b5/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/68ecc6/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/68ecc6/index.html index 0a5ff36..eb4d5ea 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/68ecc6/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/68ecc6/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/690d3e/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/690d3e/index.html index 291c46f..3280042 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/690d3e/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/690d3e/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ ARRL Logbook of the World（LoTW）确认证明，申请时需提供 QSO Detail
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/69299a/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/69299a/index.html index ab53a9d..6217e42 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/69299a/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/69299a/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6aef6f/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6aef6f/index.html index 03ac79d..ca3df1f 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6aef6f/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6aef6f/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
  • 阅读模式
    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6e342d/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6e342d/index.html index 4ecdcfd..b052c98 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6e342d/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/6e342d/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c4ff56/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c4ff56/index.html index 4123a28..847a2f2 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c4ff56/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c4ff56/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c63d0b/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c63d0b/index.html index 7679bbe..088c3ef 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c63d0b/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/c63d0b/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/cabf09/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/cabf09/index.html index 4eb69c7..26f5b5e 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/cabf09/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/cabf09/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ BG8LGP认为在国际业余无线电活动中应该严格遵循建议书中的
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d7d8de/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d7d8de/index.html index a6902b6..4b64cec 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d7d8de/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d7d8de/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d96424/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d96424/index.html index 8c76245..e49dfa0 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d96424/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/d96424/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ddc9e8/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ddc9e8/index.html index 614bf66..3b2cc1d 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ddc9e8/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ddc9e8/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ Country: China
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/e15e41/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/e15e41/index.html index 807760d..9c1f314 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/e15e41/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/e15e41/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -94,6 +94,6 @@ QSO没有出现在对方台的竞赛日志中
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ef9d41/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ef9d41/index.html index 8bdd589..2fdde9d 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ef9d41/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/ef9d41/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -38,6 +38,6 @@
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    • - + diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/f1b256/index.html b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/f1b256/index.html index 557fee5..ed48ff8 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/f1b256/index.html +++ b/docs/.vuepress/dist/pages/f1b256/index.html @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ })(); - + @@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ https://weibo.com/2611407297/4724820345882201

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